Sigma-Delta Receive Beamformer Based on Cascaded Reconstruction for Ultrasound Imaging Application

Cheong, Jia Hao; Lam, Yvonne Y. H.; Koh, Liang Mong; Tiew, Kei Tee

doi:10.1109/icbbe.2009.5163384

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, a timing resolution of 10 ns corresponds to a 100 MS/s Nyquist-based system, suggesting 5× over-design in sampling rate since the required signal bandwidth is merely 10 MHz. The shown three-stage ΔΣ BF is similar to [16] and was optimized for power and area. The first stage consists of a cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filter, followed by DAS and second- and third-stage decimation filters (DFs), which are shared within one subarray.…”

Section: System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI

Chen

Pérez

Kothapalli

et al. 2017

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This paper presents a pixel pitch-matched readout chip for 3-D photoacoustic (PA) imaging, featuring a dedicated signal conditioning and delta-sigma modulation integrated within a pixel area of 250 µm by 250 µm. The proof-of-concept receiver was implemented in an STMicroelectronics’s 28-nm Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator technology, and interfaces to a 4 × 4 subarray of capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). The front-end signal conditioning in each pixel employs a coarse/fine gain tuning architecture to fulfill the 90-dB dynamic range requirement of the application. The employed delta-sigma beamforming architecture obviates the need for area-consuming Nyquist ADCs and thereby enables an efficient in-pixel A/D conversion. The per-pixel switched-capacitor ΔΣ modulator leverages slewing-dominated and area-optimized inverter-based amplifiers. It occupies only 1/4th of the pixel, and its area compares favorably with state-of-the-art designs that offer the same SNR and bandwidth. The modulator’s measured peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio is 59.9 dB for a 10-MHz input bandwidth, and it consumes 6.65 mW from a 1-V supply. The overall subarray beamforming approach improves the area per channel by 7.4 times and the single-channel SNR by 8 dB compared to prior art with similar delay resolution and power dissipation. The functionality of the designed chip was evaluated within a PA imaging experiment, employing a flip-chip bonded 2-D CMUT array.

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Section: System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI

Chen

Pérez

Kothapalli

et al. 2017

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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“…For a SDBF, the sigma-delta modulator in each channel oversamples the input signal to achieve the required ADC resolution. In order to achieve 60dB dynamic range for a 128 channel, rectangular apodization windowed array, the oversampling ratio (OSR, defined as the ratio of the sampling frequency to twice of the signal bandwidth) of the single bit sigma-delta modulator in each channel has to be at least 10.1 [5]. On the other hand, for the same array to achieve sufficient delay resolution, OSR of 5.5 is needed [5].…”

Section: A Dynamic Focusing Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to achieve 60dB dynamic range for a 128 channel, rectangular apodization windowed array, the oversampling ratio (OSR, defined as the ratio of the sampling frequency to twice of the signal bandwidth) of the single bit sigma-delta modulator in each channel has to be at least 10.1 [5]. On the other hand, for the same array to achieve sufficient delay resolution, OSR of 5.5 is needed [5]. Since the sampling frequency required for ADC resolution in this case is sufficient for the delay resolution requirement, delay-and-sum technique can be applied directly without extra interpolation or phase rotation processing.…”

Section: A Dynamic Focusing Artifactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the hardware is reduced, undesirable artifact problem is introduced when dynamic focusing is applied to the post-delay reconstruction beamforming process. This artifact problem would reduce the contrast resolution in the final image [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Cheong et al developed a cascaded reconstruction SDBF, which performs closely to the pre-delay reconstruction beamformer and is more hardware efficient than the multiplier-less structure [5]. The cascaded reconstruction SDBF effectively suppresses the dynamic focusing artifacts by reducing the pre-delay quantization noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multi-bit sigma-delta beamformer with minimal dynamic focusing artifacts

Cheong

Lam

Koh

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits

Self Cite

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Sigma-delta beamformer (SDBF) was proposed in recent year to increase the integration level of an ultrasound imaging system. However, the hardware efficient post-delay reconstruction structure suffers from artifact problem when dynamic focusing is applied. A sigma-delta beamformer based on cascaded reconstruction has successfully corrected the artifact problem by reducing the pre-delay quantization noise level. Based on the same principle, we developed a multi-bit SDBF. The multi-bit SDBF provides comparable image quality as the pre-delay reconstruction SDBF without any extra artifact correction processing. It also reduces the operation frequency as well as the power compared to the single-bit SDBF. Real point and cyst phantom images are presented to compare the performance of the proposed beamformer with other existing techniques. Synthesis results shows that the proposed beamformer can save up to 78% of the power consumed by pre-delay reconstruction SDBF.

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Sigma-Delta Receive Beamformer Based on Cascaded Reconstruction for Ultrasound Imaging Application

Abstract: Sigma-delta receive beamformer based on cascaded reconstruction for ultrasound imaging application

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI

A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI

Multi-bit sigma-delta beamformer with minimal dynamic focusing artifacts

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