An energy-efficient, area-efficient, high-accuracy and low-complexity switching scheme for successive approximation register (SAR) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is proposed. In the proposed switching scheme, both the first and the second comparisons don't consume switching energy, and all the rest of comparisons consume little switching energy. As a result, the proposed switching scheme achieves a 95.34% switching energy reduction and a 75% area reduction compared with the conventional method. In addition, only the least significant bit (LSB) is depended on the accuracy of V cm. Moreover, only two reference voltages are used for each capacitor, which lowers complexity of digital control logic.

Sigma-delta receive beamformer based on cascaded reconstruction for ultrasound imaging application

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Binary and continuous phase-only surface relief diffractive optical elements can be fabricated on hybrid sol-gel glass based on a single-step microfabrication process. We report on the fabrication and characterization of an inorganic-organic hybrid SiO 2 /TiO 2 sol-gel glass by UV light exposure. Preliminary results of binary and continuous surface relief structures fabricated on sol-gel glass with UV exposure using holographic technique and a high-energy-beam-sensitive (HEBS) glass mask are demonstrated. The effects of the fabrication parameters such as doping concentration, bake temperature, and UV light exposure time on the film characteristics (thickness and refractive index) are studied.