SIGMA System: A Multi-OS Environment for Embedded Systems

Kanda, Wataru; Murata, Yu; Nakajima, Tatsuo

doi:10.1007/s11265-008-0272-9

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Virtualization technology is mainly used in embedded devices to run normal and real-time operating systems (RTOSs) concurrently [17][18][19][20]. The difference between real-time operating systems and normal operating systems is that in a real-time operating system, the response time of instruction execution demands a guaranteed throughput rather than a high throughput [21] as required in a normal operating system.…”

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interrupt execution delay is due to the additional time consumed for virtual CPU (VCPU) scheduling. If the VCPU is assigned to a particular CPU, the predicted time of instruction execution in virtual RTOS and normal RTOS would be similar, as CPU virtualization is a time-based demultiplexing method [19,23].…”

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, in real-time hypervisors, in order to achieve predicted time instruction execution on each virtual RTOS, the virtual CPU of each virtual RTOS should be directly assigned/pinned to the physical CPU. The SIGMA system is an example of such a system, designed such that a dedicated CPU core is assigned to each VCPU [19], to build a multi-OS environment with native performance. In this system, the interrupts to the CPU are rerouted to the corresponding virtual CPU with real-time performance [22].…”

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an embedded hypervisor, memory virtualization does not degrade performance, as memory is virtualized through spatial demultiplexing [19]. Additionally, the virtualization of Input/Ouput (I/O) device is done through memory [23].…”

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secure and Dynamic Memory Management Architecture for Virtualization Technologies in IoT Devices

Jithin

Chandran

2018

Future Internet

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The introduction of the internet in embedded devices led to a new era of technology-the Internet of Things (IoT) era. The IoT technology-enabled device market is growing faster by the day, due to its complete acceptance in diverse areas such as domicile systems, the automobile industry, and beyond. The introduction of internet connectivity in objects that are frequently used in daily life raises the question of security-how secure is the information and the infrastructure handled by these devices when they are connected to the internet? Security enhancements through standard cryptographic techniques are not suitable due to the power and performance constraints of IoT devices. The introduction of virtualization technology into IoT devices is a recent development, meant for fulfilling security and performance needs. However, virtualization augments the vulnerability present in IoT devices, due to the addition of one more software layer-namely, the hypervisor, which enables the sharing of resources among different users. This article proposes the adaptation of ASMI (Architectural Support for Memory Isolation-a general architecture available in the literature for the improvement of the performance and security of virtualization technology) on the popular MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) embedded virtualization platform, which could be adopted in embedded virtualization architectures for IoT devices. The article illustrates the performance enhancement achieved by the proposed architecture with the existing architectures.

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Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtualization On Embedded Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secure and Dynamic Memory Management Architecture for Virtualization Technologies in IoT Devices

Jithin

Chandran

2018

Future Internet

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“…Similar approaches to implement multi-OS are shown in [5], [6], [7] and [8]. However, the approaches focus on IA-32 multicore architectures which are used for desktop computers.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

On a domain block based mechanism to mitigate DoS attacks on shared caches in asymmetric multiprocessing multi operating systems

Schnarz¹,

Fischer²,

Wietzke³

et al. 2014

2014 Information Security for South Africa

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Asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) based multiOSs are going to be established in future to enable parallel execution of different functionalities while fulfilling requirements for real-time, reliability, trustworthiness and security. Especially for in-car multimedia systems, also known as InVehicle Infotainment (IVI) systems, the composition of different OS-types onto a system-on-chip (SoC) offers a wide variety of advantages in embedded system development. However, the asymmetric paradigm, which implies the division and assignment of every hardware resource to OS-domains, is not applicable to every part of a system-on-chip (SoC). Caches are often shared between multiple processors on multi processor SoCs (MP-SoC). According to their association to the main memory, OSs running on the processor cores are naturally vulnerable to DoS attacks. An adversary who has compromised one of the OS-domains is able to attack an arbitrary memory location of a co-OS-domain. This introduces performance degradations on victim's memory accesses. In this work a method is proposed which prohibits the surface for interference, introduced by the association of cache and main memory. Therefore, the contribution of this article is twofold. It introduces an attack vector, by deriving an algorithm from the cache way associativity, to affect the coOSs running on the same platform. Using this vector it is shown that the mapping of contiguous memory blocks intensifies the effect. Subsequently, a memory mapping method is proposed which mitigates the interference effects of cache coherence. The approach is evaluated by a proof-of-concept implementation, which illustrates the performance impact of the attack and the countermeasure, respectively. The method enables a more reliable implementation of AMP-based multi-OSs on MP-SoCs using shared caches without the need to modify the hardware layout.

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IT-Sicherheits-Eigenschaften für eng gekoppelte, asynchrone Multi-Betriebssysteme im automotiven Umfeld

Schnarz

Wietzke

2013

Informatik Aktuell

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SIGMA System: A Multi-OS Environment for Embedded Systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Secure and Dynamic Memory Management Architecture for Virtualization Technologies in IoT Devices

Secure and Dynamic Memory Management Architecture for Virtualization Technologies in IoT Devices

On a domain block based mechanism to mitigate DoS attacks on shared caches in asymmetric multiprocessing multi operating systems

IT-Sicherheits-Eigenschaften für eng gekoppelte, asynchrone Multi-Betriebssysteme im automotiven Umfeld

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