We
have developed a swift and simplistic protein immunoassay using
aptamer functionalized AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
(HEMTs). The unique design of the sensor facilitates protein detection
in a physiological salt environment overcoming charge screening effects,
without requiring sample preprocessing. This study reports a tunable
and amplified sensitivity of solution-gated electric double layer
(EDL) HEMT-based biosensors, which demonstrates significantly enhanced
sensitivity by designing a smaller gap between the gate electrode
and the detection, and by operating at higher gate voltage. Sensitivity
is calculated by quantifying NT-proBNP, a clinical biomarker of heart
failure, in buffer and untreated human serum samples. The biosensor
depicts elevated sensitivity and high selectivity. Furthermore, detailed
investigation of the amplified sensitivity in an increased ionic strength
environment is conducted, and it is revealed that a high sensitivity
of 80.54 mV/decade protein concentration can be achieved, which is
much higher than that of previously reported FET biosensors. This
sensor technology demonstrates immense potential in developing surface
affinity sensors for clinical diagnostics.