Signal of central Pacific El Niño in the Southern Hemispheric stratosphere during austral spring

Yang, Chengyun; Li, Tao; Dou, Xiankang

doi:10.1002/2015jd023486

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, several modeling studies agree on the response to CP El Niño: Hurwitz, Newman, et al () find that EP El Niño events do not exhibit a response in the SH stratosphere, while CP El Niño events are associated with the higher planetary wave activity described above. C. Yang et al () confirm the finding of weaker SH stratospheric winds for CP El Niño along with a strengthened BDC, with enhanced wave‐1 propagation in August and enhanced wave‐2 propagation in September. The spring warming for CP El Niño is also confirmed in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model ( WACCM ; despite a SH spring cold bias; Zubiaurre & Calvo, ).…”

Section: Enso Teleconnections To the Stratospherementioning

confidence: 67%

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere

Domeisen

Garfinkel²,

Butler

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

316

284

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El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts also extend above the troposphere, affecting the strength and variability of the stratospheric polar vortex in the high latitudes of both hemispheres, as well as the composition and circulation of the tropical stratosphere. El Niño events are associated with a warming and weakening of the polar vortex in the polar stratosphere of both hemispheres, while a cooling can be observed in the tropical lower stratosphere. These impacts are linked by a strengthened Brewer-Dobson circulation. Anomalous upward wave propagation is observed in the extratropics of both hemispheres. For La Niña, these anomalies are often opposite. The stratosphere in turn affects surface weather and climate over large areas of the globe. Since these surface impacts are long-lived, the changes in the stratosphere can lead to improved surface predictions on time scales of weeks to months. Over the past decade, our understanding of the mechanisms through which ENSO can drive impacts remote from the tropical Pacific has improved. This study reviews the possible mechanisms connecting ENSO to the stratosphere in the tropics and the extratropics of both hemispheres while also considering open questions, including nonlinearities in the teleconnections, the role of ENSO diversity, and the impacts of climate change and variability.Plain Language Summary El Niño and La Niña events, the irregular warming and cooling of the tropical Pacific that occurs every couple of years, have disrupting impacts spanning the entire world. These remote impacts, so-called "teleconnections", also reach the stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere starting at around 10 km above the Earth's surface. El Niño leads to a warming of the stratosphere in both hemispheres, while the lower tropical stratosphere cools. These signatures are linked by a strengthened stratospheric circulation from the tropics to the polar regions. El Niño also leads to more frequent breakdowns of the stratospheric polar vortex, a band of strong eastward winds in the polar stratosphere. For La Niña, these effects tend to be opposite, though they are not always robust, suggesting nonlinear or nonstationary effects, long-term variability, and trends in the teleconnections. The observational data record is not yet long enough to make conclusions with certainty, and models that try to reproduce the teleconnections indicate that teleconnections might be more linear than the limited number of observations indicate. Further research will be needed to separate the El Niño and La Niña teleconnections from other effects and to determine to what extent nonlinearity and nonstationarity are indeed present.

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Section: Enso Teleconnections To the Stratospherementioning

confidence: 67%

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere

Domeisen

Garfinkel²,

Butler

2019

Reviews of Geophysics

316

284

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“…As suggested in recent studies (Garfinkel et al, , , G12 and G14 hereafter), the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warming (SSWs, Butler et al, ) could benefit from certain MJO phases by the modulated upward propagation of the wave number 1 (WN1) heat flux (e.g., Goss et al, ) in the troposphere and stratosphere. The magnitude of the MJO influence on the vortex is comparable to that of ENSO and Quasi‐biennial Oscillation (QBO) (Garfinkel & Hartmann, , ; T. Li et al, ; ; Yang et al, ). Liu et al () investigated the relationship between the MJO and different types of SSW events (vortex splitting and vortex displacement) and discussed the QBO effect of on these different types of SSW events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of the MJO influence on the vortex is comparable to that of ENSO and Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) (Garfinkel & Hartmann, 2007, 2008T. Li et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2015). Liu et al (2014) investigated the relationship between the MJO and different types of SSW events (vortex splitting and vortex displacement) and discussed the QBO effect of on these different types of SSW events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the Northern Stratosphere to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation During Boreal Winter

Yang

Xue

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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In this study, the effects of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) on the northern stratosphere during boreal winter are investigated, especially in cases with the absence of a stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event. During the wintertime, the polar cap temperature is expected to increase following MJO phase 2 (P2), P3, P4, and P7. However, the responses after P2 and P3 are much weaker if the dates from 50 days before to 50 days after the SSW central days are excluded from the composite. This result implies that the stratospheric polar warming following MJO P2 and P3 is sensitive to the occurrence of SSWs. After excluding the SSW events from the composite, the subsequent temperature anomalies strengthen and become more significant approximately 30 days after MJO P4 and 10 days after MJO P7. Planetary wave (PW) anomalies are enhanced in the midlatitudes of the upper troposphere, lagging MJO P4 by 15–25 days and lagging MJO P7 by 5–15 days. Thus, the upward propagation and dissipation of PWs in the stratosphere are significantly enhanced, further strengthening the Brewer‐Dobson circulation in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. The WN1, which is induced by the MJO in the stratosphere, is the dominant component of PW perturbation. The enhanced PW dissipation in the high latitudes of the stratosphere is weaker in terms of lagging MJO P4, so the zonal wind and temperature anomalies after MJO P4 are less significant in the polar region, especially in the lower stratosphere.

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“…The long-term trend in tropical SST also has a correspondence to the trend of temperature in the southern polar stratosphere (Grassi et al, 2005(Grassi et al, , 2006Hu and Fu, 2009;Li et al, 2010;Clem et al, 2016). Although ENSO is reported to cause circulation and temperature anomalies in the southern high-latitude stratosphere, the interannual variability of the southern polar vortex and ozone levels over the past 3 decades cannot be explained by ENSO variations alone (Angell, 1988(Angell, , 1990Hurwitz et al, 2011a, b;Lin et al, 2012;Wilson et al, 2014;Evtushevsky et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015;Welhouse et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between lower-stratospheric ozone at southern high latitudes and sea surface temperature in the East Asian marginal seas in austral spring

Tian

Xie

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Using satellite observations, reanalysis data, and model simulations, this study investigates the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on interannual variations of lower-stratospheric ozone at southern high latitudes in austral spring. It is found that the SST variations across the East Asian marginal seas (5 • S-35 • N, 100-140 • E) rather than the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, where ENSO occurs, have the most significant correlation with the southern high-latitude lower-stratospheric ozone changes in austral spring. Further analysis reveals that planetary waves originating over the marginal seas in austral spring can propagate towards southern middle to high latitudes via teleconnection pathway. The anomalous propagation and dissipation of ultra-long Rossby waves in the stratosphere strengthen/cool (weaken/warm) the southern polar vortex, which produces more (less) active chlorine and enhances (suppresses) ozone depletion in the southern high-latitude stratosphere on one the hand and impedes (favors) the transport of ozone from the southern middle-latitude stratosphere to high latitudes on the other. The model simulations also reveal that approximately 17 % of the decreasing trend in the southern highlatitude lower-stratospheric ozone observed over the past 5 decades may be associated with the increasing trend in SST over the East Asian marginal seas.

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Signal of central Pacific El Niño in the Southern Hemispheric stratosphere during austral spring

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere

The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere

Response of the Northern Stratosphere to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation During Boreal Winter

The relationship between lower-stratospheric ozone at southern high latitudes and sea surface temperature in the East Asian marginal seas in austral spring

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