Signal‐to‐noise ratio and time‐modulated signal spectrum in four‐dimensional antenna arrays

Zhu, Qingxin; Yang, Shiwen; Rocca, Paolo; Nie, Zaiping

doi:10.1049/iet-map.2014.0199

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To study these effects in detail, we examine the behavior of cross-frequency effective aperture terms in (44) for a particular 8-element ideal linear time-modulated array described in [40] with uniform half-wavelength spacing…”

Section: B Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering Properties of Spherical Time-Varying Conductive Shells

Schab

Shirley

Kerby-Patel

2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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The equivalent external noise temperature of timevarying antennas is studied using the concept of cross-frequency effective aperture, which quantifies the intermodulation conversion of external noise across the frequency spectrum into a receiver's operational bandwidth. The theoretical tools for this approach are laid out following the classical method for describing external noise temperature of linear time-invariant antennas, with generalizations made along the way to capture the effects of time-varying components or materials. The results demonstrate the specific ways that a time-varying system's noise characteristics are dependent on its cross-frequency effective aperture and the broadband noise environment. The general theory is applied to several examples, including abstract models of hypothetical systems, antennas integrated with parametric amplification, and time-modulated arrays.

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Section: B Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering Properties of Spherical Time-Varying Conductive Shells

Schab

Shirley

Kerby-Patel

2022

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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show abstract

“…A first study on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a system with a receiver TMA was presented in [68] by Zhu et al This work describes a specific case exploiting the fundamental pattern and the first positive harmonic to receive two different binary phase shift-keying (BPSK) signals over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The multibeam characteristics of TMA were also proposed for spatial multiplexing by He et al [69], although the performance with broadband signals was not analyzed.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Modulated Arrays: From their Origin to Their Utilization in Wireless Communication Systems

Maneiro-Catoira

Bregáins

García-Naya

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Time-modulated arrays (TMAs) are electromagnetic systems whose radiated power pattern is controlled by the application of variable-width periodical pulses to the individual elements. The nonlinear nature of the array operation causes the appearance of radiation patterns at the harmonic frequencies of such periodic pulses. The technique can be used for improving the side-lobe level (SLL) topology of the radiation pattern at the central frequency and/or to profitably exploit the harmonic patterns in order to supply smart antenna capabilities. Among the latter features, the TMA harmonic beamforming takes on special importance due to its attractive trade-off performance-hardware complexity. From this perspective, TMAs are sensors capable of transforming the spatial diversity of a communication channel into frequency diversity, thus improving the performance of a wireless communication. In addition to a walk through the origins of the concept, and a brief analysis of the mathematical fundamentals, this paper organizes the prolific state of the art of TMAs in two major thematic blocks: (1) TMA design from an antenna perspective; and (2) TMA design from a signal processing perspective.

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“…To overcome this limitation, time modulated circular antenna array (TMCA), which belongs to the class of four-dimensional (4-D) antenna arrays, was proposed to generate multiple OAM-carrying waves at several harmonic frequencies simultaneously 10 . Characterized by the use of time as an additional degree of freedom, 4-D antenna arrays have lots of advantages in antenna array design and applications, such as ultra-low sidelobe level (SLL) arrays 11 , harmonic beam-forming 12 , 13 , signal transmission 14 , 15 , radar systems 16 , secure communication 17 , cognitive radio systems 18 and sidelobe blanking radar system 19 . However, the capability of 4-D antenna array in OAM-carrying wave generations has not been experimentally validated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of multiple orbital angular momentum modes simultaneously through four-dimensional antenna arrays

Sun

Yang

Chen

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in radio frequency range have drawn great attention owing to its potential applications in increasing communication capacity. In this paper, both single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches and single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches are designed and implemented. Optimal time sequence allows four-dimensional (4-D) circular antenna array to generate multiple OAM-carrying waves as well as enhance the field intensity of each OAM-carrying wave. A novel experimental platform is developed to measure the phase distribution when the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna operate at different frequencies. The good agreement between the measurement and simulation results demonstrate that 4-D circular antenna array is able to generate multiple OAM modes simultaneously. Furthermore, the superiority of the 4-D circular antenna array in receiving and demodulating multiple OAM-carrying signals is validated through the filter and bit error rate (BER) simulations.

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Signal‐to‐noise ratio and time‐modulated signal spectrum in four‐dimensional antenna arrays

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Scattering Properties of Spherical Time-Varying Conductive Shells

Scattering Properties of Spherical Time-Varying Conductive Shells

Time Modulated Arrays: From their Origin to Their Utilization in Wireless Communication Systems

Realization of multiple orbital angular momentum modes simultaneously through four-dimensional antenna arrays

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