Signal Transduction in HIV Protein-Treated Astrocytes

Yao, Honghong; Bethel-Brownl, Crystal; Lü, Yang; Cai, Yu; Kanmogne, Marlene; Mudgapalli, Vikas; Fields, Natasha; Mehta, Avanti; Buch, Shilpa

doi:10.2174/157436212799278070

Cited by 2 publications

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Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease

Cai

Lü

Niu

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) are recognized as a unique class of non-G protein-coupled intracellular protein. Sig-1R binds to its ligand such as cocaine , resulting in dissociation of Sig-1R from mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plasma membrane, and nuclear membrane, regulating function of various proteins. Sig-1R has diverse roles in both physiological as well as in pathogenic processes. The disruption of Sig-1R pathways has been implicated as causative mechanism(s) in the development of both neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD ), Parkinson disease (PD ), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS ) and Huntington Disease (HD ) . Additionally, the interaction of cocaine and Sig-1R has more recently been implicated in potentiating the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB), microglial activation and astrogliosis. On the other hand, restoration of Sig-1R homeostasis has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. In this review, we provide an overview of how Sig-1R plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and cocaine and implications for future development of therapeutic strategies.

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Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease

Cai

Lü

Niu

et al. 2017

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders: focus on HIV-associated neurological complications

Lü

Cai

et al. 2016

Cell Death Dis

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Exosomes are membrane-enriched extracellular vesicles with a proposed diameter in the range of 30–100 nm. They are released during both normal homeostasis as well as under pathological conditions by most cell types. In recent years, there has been robust interest in the study of these vesicles as conduits for the delivery of information between cells in both analogous as well as disparate tissues. Their ability to transport specialized cargo including signaling mediators, proteins, messenger RNA and miRNAs characterizes these vesicles as primary facilitators of cell-to-cell communication and regulation. Exosomes have also been demonstrated to have important roles in the field of cancer biology and metastasis. More recently, their role in several neurodegenerative disorders has been gaining increased momentum as these particles have been shown to promote the spread of toxic factors such as amyloid beta and prions, adding further validity to their role as important regulators of disease pathogenesis. This review briefly summarizes current findings and thoughts on exosome biology in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and the manipulation of these particles for the development of potential therapeutic strategies.

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Signal Transduction in HIV Protein-Treated Astrocytes

Cited by 2 publications

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Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease

Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Cocaine Abuse and Neurodegenerative Disease

Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders: focus on HIV-associated neurological complications

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