Signalling molecular recognition nanocavities with multiple functional groups prepared by molecular imprinting and sequential post-imprinting modifications for prostate cancer biomarker glycoprotein detection

Abstract

Novel sequential post-imprinting modifications were demonstrated on the development of multi-functionalized molecularly imprinted polymers for a biomarker glycoprotein.

The Evolution of Molecular Recognition: From Antibodies to Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) as Artificial Counterpart

“…The site-specific introduction of fluorescent dyes is a very useful application of post-imprinting modifications. For example, Saeki et al [ 134 ] reported a MIP for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In detail, after the molecular imprinting phase, two post-imprinting modifications were made to the polymer.…”

Molecular imprinting of glycoproteins: From preparation to cancer theranostics

“…The application of protein imprinted materials as artificial antibodies has increased significantly in the last decade due to their captivating features such as tolerance to severe conditions, storage durability, and reusability 54 . Template molecules are also crucial for glycoprotein imprinted polymer materials.…”

“…Zhou et al also reported a similar dual MIP-based plasmonic immunosandwich assay comprising two imprinted parts where one of the parts is N-terminal or C-terminal (similar to the aforementioned study) of the polypeptide and the other part will be the glycosite, and other criterions are same 56 . Saeki et al 54 prepared PSA fluorescent sensor coupling molecular imprinting and following multistep post-imprinting modifications with a novel designed multifunctional reagent, fluorescent-signaling molecularly-imprinted nanocavities with orthogonal dual recognition sites for the sensing of prostate cancer biomarker glycoprotein, as shown in Figure 4 . Zhang et al 92 also presented a molecularly imprinted strategy coupled with a highly sensitive electrochemical detection system for the detection of PSA.…”

“… Synthesis procedure of molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) thin layer possessing orthogonal dual interaction sites and fluorescent reporting groups via molecular imprinting and sequential post-imprinting modifications (PIMs). Adapted with permission from 54 , copyright, 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry B. …”

Chemical binding of molecular‐imprinted polymer to biotinilated antibody: Utilization of molecular imprinting polymer as intelligent synthetic biomaterials toward recognition of carcinoma embryonic antigen in human plasma sample

“…This method was first described, at 1930s, as “the fabrication of ligand‐selective diagnostic sites throughout a synthetic polymer film where a specific template (ion, molecule, atom complex or a macromolecular ionic, or molecular assembly) is applied with the purpose of promoting formation of the recognition site during a polycondensation or polymerization process, following by the elimination of all or some of the specific templates required for diagnosis to remain the cavity spaces. 10‐12 . In comparison with the other diagnostic techniques, MIPs, which comprise three main unique characters of application universality, recognition specificity, and structure predictability, have found broad interest and have become useful in several areas, such as separation and purification, 13 bio/chemosensing, 14 drug delivery, 15 artificial antibodies, 16 and catalysis, 17 respect to their straightforward preparation, high physical stability, affordability, and remarkable robustness 18 .…”