Signatures of aestivation and migration in Sahelian malaria mosquito populations

Dao, Adama; Yaro, Alpha Seydou; Diallo, Moussa; Timbiné, Seydou; Huestis, Diana L.; Kassogue, Yaya; Traoré, A; Sanogo, ZZ; Samaké, Djibril; Lehmann, Tovi

doi:10.1038/nature13987

Cited by 170 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…coluzzii , likely following reintroduction via migration [6–8]. The extended adult survival throughout the long dry season, referred to as aestivation, is backed by previous studies on these species [6, 7, 9–16]. This seasonal variation in longevity is of considerable interest but despite early success in simulating it under laboratory conditions [11, 16] additional attempts failed to reproduce these results [17–19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The contribution of dietary restriction to extended longevity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii

et al. 2017

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BackgroundVariation in longevity has long been of interest in vector biology because of its implication in disease transmission through vectorial capacity. Recent studies suggest that Anopheles coluzzii adults persist during the ~7 month dry season via aestivation. Recently there has been a growing body of evidence linking dietary restriction and low ratio of dietary protein to carbohydrate with extended longevity of animals. Here, we evaluated the effects of dietary restriction and the protein : carbohydrate ratio on longevity of An. coluzzii.ResultsIn our experiment, we combined dietary regimes with temperature and relative humidity to assess their effects on An. coluzzii longevity, in an attempt to simulate aestivation under laboratory conditions. Our results showed significant effects of both the physical and the dietary variables on longevity, but that diet regimen had a considerably greater effect than those of the physical conditions. Higher temperature and lower humidity reduced longevity. At 22 °C dietary protein (blood) shortened longevity when sugar was not restricted (RH = 85%), but extended longevity when sugar was restricted (RH = 50%).ConclusionsDietary restriction extended longevity in accord with predictions, but protein : carbohydrate ratio had a negligible effect. We identified conditions that significantly extend longevity in malaria vectors, however, the extent of increase in longevity was insufficient to simulate aestivation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2088-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The contribution of dietary restriction to extended longevity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii

et al. 2017

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“…This occurs in endemic areas across the Sahel [7], Sudan [2,8], Senegal [1], Burkina Faso [9] and The Gambia [10]. Following the start of annual rains, vector densities increase rapidly [10], suggesting that they persist locally, possibly via aestivation [8], or appear after long-distance migration [11,12]. However, it takes at least 2 months after the start of rains for the appearance of new malaria cases [2,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections

et al. 2016

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IntroductionIn a markedly seasonal malaria setting, the transition from the transmission-free dry season to the transmission season depends on the resurgence of the mosquito population following the start of annual rains. The sudden onset of malaria outbreaks at the start of the transmission season suggests that parasites persist during the dry season and respond to either the reappearance of vectors, or correlated events, by increasing the production of transmission stages. Here, we investigate whether Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte density and the correlation between gametocyte density and parasite density show seasonal variation in chronic (largely asymptomatic) carriers in eastern Sudan.Materials and MethodsWe recruited and treated 123 malaria patients in the transmission season 2001. We then followed them monthly during four distinct consecutive epidemiological seasons: transmission season 1, transmission-free season, pre-clinical period, and transmission season 2. In samples collected from 25 participants who fulfilled the selection criteria of the current analysis, we used quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RT-qPCR to quantify parasite and gametocyte densities, respectively.Results and DiscussionWe observed a significant increase in gametocyte density and a significantly steeper positive correlation between gametocyte density and total parasite density during the pre-clinical period compared to the preceding transmission-free season. However, there was no corresponding increase in the density or prevalence of total parasites or gametocyte prevalence. The increase in gametocyte production during the pre-clinical period supports the hypothesis that P. falciparum may respond to environmental cues, such as mosquito biting, to modulate its transmission strategy. Thus, seasonal changes may be important to ignite transmission in unstable-malaria settings.

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“…For example, studies of the Sahelian malaria mosquito populations by Dao and his colleagues (Dao et al, 2014) were based largely on the timing of species-specific captures to understand what they termed the "dry season paradox"-that dormancy shapes vector composition in the Sahel region of North Africa. These researchers were interested in how vectors survive the dry season when there is little water in which mosquitoes can lay their eggs.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Post-capture Longevity in a Medically-Important Mosquito (Culex pipiens)

et al. 2016

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The epidemiological importance of the age structure and longevity potential of wild populations of mosquito disease vectors has been known for over 60 years. However, no routine method currently exists that provides reliable insights into the population age dynamics of this medically important group of insects. In this paper we use a technique originally developed for studying wild fruit fly populations to study the post-capture longevity dynamics in populations of the West Nile virus mosquito Culex pipiens in Greece. This approach, referred to as the captive cohort method, analyzes and interprets the longevity trends in wild-caught Cx. pipiens to infer demographic changes in their field population. Approximately 10 adult females were captured each day from June through November, housed in individual cages in the laboratory, and their remaining longevity recorded. Strong differences were observed in the mean, variation, and extremes of post-capture longevity. Early season (June-July) mosquitoes lived the shortest and late season the longest with a clear transition period in September. The mean levels of post-capture longevity were quite high at over 2 months in early season to over 85 days in late season when the vast majority of adults were nulliparous and likely preparing for hibernation. Implications for both basic and epidemiological research on the biodemography of aging in the wild are discussed.

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Signatures of aestivation and migration in Sahelian malaria mosquito populations

Cited by 170 publications

References 26 publications

The contribution of dietary restriction to extended longevity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii

The contribution of dietary restriction to extended longevity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii

Associations between Season and Gametocyte Dynamics in Chronic Plasmodium falciparum Infections

Seasonality of Post-capture Longevity in a Medically-Important Mosquito (Culex pipiens)

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