“…Consequently, studies of the gas composition of urine were carried out [ 13 , 14 ], and methods for determining volatile biomarkers in urine were proposed [ 15 , 16 ]. Bacterial metabolites secreted on nutrient media have also been studied [ 17 , 18 ], including volatile compounds secreted during infection of tissues [ 17 ] and exudates [ 19 ], lesion by Staphylococcus aureus [ 20 ], respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases [ 21 ], bacteriuria [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. A method for assessing the standard indicators of the general urine analysis and other diagnostic parameters by the volatile fraction of urine samples has been proposed [ 25 , 26 ].…”