Significance of Adipose Tissue and Liver as Sites of Fatty Acid Synthesis in the Pig and the Efficiency of Utilization of Various Substrates for Lipogenesis

O'Hea, E.K.; Leveille, Gilbert A.

doi:10.1093/jn/99.3.338

Cited by 253 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fat metabolism in different organs Expression of lipogenic genes varied considerably among tissues, as indicated by the different Ct values (Table 4; one unit change on the Ct scale corresponds to a twofold change in gene expression when the PCR efficiency is 100%) and emphasizes that different tissues have varying functions related to fat metabolism which agrees with the results of O'Hea and Leveille (1969). The high expression of lipogenic genes (SCD, ACACA, SREBP and FASN) in adipose tissue could be expected because in pigs this tissue is the main site for de novo FA synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Fat metabolism is regulated by altered gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and regulatory factors in liver and adipose tissue but not in semimembranosus muscle of pigs during the fattening period

Duran-Montgé

Theil

Lauridsen

et al. 2009

Animal

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It has been shown previously that lipid metabolism is regulated by fatty acids (FA) and that thyroid hormones are important regulators of energy metabolism. The effects of weight, dietary fat level and dietary FA profile on thyroid hormone levels and expression of lipogenic genes and tissue FA composition were studied. Sixty-one crossbred gilts weighing 62 6 5.2 kg BW average were either slaughtered at the beginning of the trial (n 5 5) or fed one of seven diets (n 5 8 pigs per diet): a semisynthetic diet formulated to contain a very low level of fat (NF) and six diets based on barley-soybean meal supplemented with approximately 10% fat of different origin and slaughtered at 100 kg BW. The supplemental fats were tallow, high-oleic sunflower oil, sunflower oil (SFO), linseed oil, fat blend (55% tallow, 35% sunflower oil, 10% linseed oil) and fish oil blend (40% fish oil, 60% linseed oil). In general, the dietary FA profiles altered the FA composition of liver, semimembranosus muscle and adipose tissues. Pigs fed the NF diet had the highest free and total triiodothyronine (T3) values followed by pigs fed SFO. Total T3 levels were higher in pigs at 60 kg than in pigs at 100 kg. Correlations between thyroid hormones and genes encoding enzymes of fat synthesis in adipose tissue (acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACACA), fatty acid synthase and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD)) and the large differences in expression of lipogenic genes at different weights (60 and 100 kg BW), suggest a role for thyroid hormones and for T3, in particular, in regulating whole animal fat metabolism, with effects brought about by altered expression of lipogenic genes. Liver sterol receptor element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) mRNA content was affected by dietary treatment ( P , 0.001) and was correlated with ACACA and SCD, whereas adipose tissue SREBP1 was not correlated with the mRNA abundance of any lipogenic enzyme. Weight and tissue factors showed greater influence on mRNA abundance of genes related with lipid metabolism than diet and tissue FA composition. In the pig, FA synthesis appear to be of greater magnitude in adipose tissue than in the liver as suggested by the higher expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The main sites for fat synthesis in animals are liver and adipose tissue, but important species differences exist. In rodents and birds, liver is the main organ for fatty acids (FA) synthesis, but in the pig, de novo fat synthesis largely occurs in the adipose tissues (O'Hea and Leveille, 1969;Bergen and Mersmann, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat metabolism is regulated by altered gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and regulatory factors in liver and adipose tissue but not in semimembranosus muscle of pigs during the fattening period

Duran-Montgé

Theil

Lauridsen

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Cette caractéristique a été reliée à l'antagonisme existant entre néoglucogenèse et lipogenèse. Il faut toutefois remarquer que la lipogenèse de novo hépatique est également faible chez certaines espèces monogastriques telles que le porc (O'Hea et Leveillé, 1969 ;Mersmann et al, 1973) Heaney, 1973a ;Rattray et al, 1974a ;Heaney et Lodge, 1975) mais l'inverse a pu être observé (Foot, 1969) ; les brebis portant 3 ou 4 fcetus perdent plus de lipides (ou en déposent moins) que celles qui n'en portent qu'un ou deux (Robinson et a/., 1978 ;Purroy Unanua et al, 1978) ; celles qui reçoivent une alimentation libé-rale peuvent soit mobiliser, soit déposer des lipides pendant le dernier tiers de la gestation (Wallace, 1948c ;Foot, 1969 ; Tissier et al, 1980a, b) ; les quelques résultats concernant la première moitié de la gestation sont contradictoires ; des brebis sous-alimentées peuvent mobiliser plus de 50 % de leurs réserves lipidiques pendant la gestation IField et al, 1968 ;Russel et al, 1968 ; Field, 1972 ;Robinson et al, 1978b ;Rattray et al, 1980 ;Geenty et Sykes, 1986).…”

Section: Préambuleunclassified

Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

Chilliard¹

1987

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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(cf. I.N.R.A., 1978) Par rapport à la ratte, qui a fait l'objet de la première partie de cette revue bibliographique (Chilliard, 1986), les ruminants présentent des particularités digestives qui conditionnent largement, par la nature des nutriments absorbés, l'orientation de leur métabolisme. En effet, les aliments qu'ils ingèrent, riches en parois végétales, séjournent pendant 15 à 48 h dans le rumen-réseau (dont le contenu est de 60 à 100 I chez le bovin adulte), où ils subissent une dégradation plus ou moins complète sous l'action des enzymes sécrétées par les micro-organismes qui y pullulent (10 10 par ml).Les (Basset, 1975). Le métabolisme des lipides dans le foie de ruminant a été décrit par Rémésy et al. (1984, 1986 Ballard, 1967Ballard et al., 1969Ballard et al., , 1972Hood et a/., 1972 ; Ingle et al., 1972a, b ;Vézinhet, 1976 ;Liepa et al., 1978 ;Prior, 1978 ;Smith et Crouse, 1984

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“…The adipose tissue is the major (if not the only) site of fatty acid (FA) synthesis in mature pigs (O'Hea and Leveille, 1969), contrary to other animal species in which lipogenesis occurs also in the liver (e.g. birds, rodents and ruminants).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous back-fat adipose tissue in growing Iberian and Landrace × Large White pigs

Barea

Isabel

Nieto

et al. 2013

Animal

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The lipid content and fatty acid (FA) profile in pig tissues are strongly influenced by genotype and nutrient supply, with implications in meat quality. The de novo lipid synthesis and pattern of FA unsaturation could be an important cause of variation in the overall efficiency of energy utilization among breeds. To test the effects of pig genotype and CP supply on the evolution of back-fat tissue FA profile throughout the growing and finishing stages, 32 Iberian (IB) and Landrace 3 Large White (LR 3 LW) barrows were offered one of two diets differing in CP content (13% or 17% as fed). A pair-fed procedure (0.8 3 ad libitum intake of IB pigs) was used. Subcutaneous fat samples were taken at the dorso-lumbar region at ,38, 50, 65, 90 and 115 kg BW. Higher proportions of total monounsaturated FA (MUFA; P , 0.01) and lower proportions of total saturated FA (SFA; P , 0.01 to 0.05) were found in the outer back-fat layer of pigs both at 50 and 115 kg BW. Pig genotype affected the FA composition of both subcutaneous back-fat layers. The proportions of C18:0 and SFA in fat tissue were higher in IB than in LR 3 LW pigs from 38 to 65 kg BW, especially in the outer layer. In addition, MUFA contents were higher in IB pigs at 115 kg BW in both layers (15% on average; P , 0.01). Increased proportions of C18:2 n-6 and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were found in LR 3 LW pigs, irrespective of the stage of growth and back-fat layer (P<0.02). At 50 kg BW, pigs receiving the high-protein diet presented the highest C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3 and PUFA contents. A significant genotype 3 CP content interaction was observed for C18:3 n-3 because of the increased concentration of this FA in LR 3 LW pigs when offered the 17% CP diet (P , 0.05). Higher C16:0 and SFA contents (15%; P 5 0.03) were found in pigs offered the 13% CP diet and slaughtered at 115 kg BW. There was a genotype 3 CP interaction for MUFA concentration because of the higher MUFA content observed in IB pigs offered the highest protein content diet (P 5 0.03). Our results suggest that genetic variation in de novo lipid synthesis and pattern of FA unsaturation might contribute to explain differences in back-fat FA profile of IB and LR 3 LW pigs under identical nutritional management. They could be also relevant to explain the low efficiency of nutrient and energy utilization in the IB pig.

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Significance of Adipose Tissue and Liver as Sites of Fatty Acid Synthesis in the Pig and the Efficiency of Utilization of Various Substrates for Lipogenesis

Cited by 253 publications

References 21 publications

Fat metabolism is regulated by altered gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and regulatory factors in liver and adipose tissue but not in semimembranosus muscle of pigs during the fattening period

Fat metabolism is regulated by altered gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and regulatory factors in liver and adipose tissue but not in semimembranosus muscle of pigs during the fattening period

Revue bibliographique : Variations quantitatives et métabolisme des lipides dans les tissus adipeux et le foie au cours du cycle gestation-lactation 2e partie : chez la brebis et la vache

Evolution of the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous back-fat adipose tissue in growing Iberian and Landrace × Large White pigs

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