Significance of Autophagy in Dengue Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Acharya, Bishwanath; Gyeltshen, Sonam; Chai่jaroenkul, Wanna; Na‐Bangchang, Kesara

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.18-0761

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The mitochondrial respiratory chain also contributes to control of apoptosis as it affects generation of reactive oxygen species and cellular ATP levels [33][34][35] . Autophagy is believed to counteract apoptosis and promote survival of infected mosquito cells via recycling of damaged molecules and organelles 30,36 . Apoptosis was previously shown to inhibit replication, delay virus dissemination into salivary glands and reduce titres in saliva of Aedes mosquitoes infected with Sindbis virus 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus noncoding RNA suppresses apoptosis and is required for virus transmission by mosquitoes

et al. 2020

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Flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), utilise host mRNA degradation machinery to produce subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA). In mammalian hosts, this noncoding RNA facilitates replication and pathogenesis of flaviviruses by inhibiting IFN-signalling, whereas the function of sfRNA in mosquitoes remains largely elusive. Herein, we conduct a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to define the role of ZIKV sfRNA in infected Aedes aegypti employing viruses deficient in production of sfRNA. We show that sfRNA-deficient viruses have reduced ability to disseminate and reach saliva, thus implicating the role for sfRNA in productive infection and transmission. We also demonstrate that production of sfRNA alters the expression of mosquito genes related to cell death pathways, and prevents apoptosis in mosquito tissues. Inhibition of apoptosis restored replication and transmission of sfRNAdeficient mutants. Hence, we propose anti-apoptotic activity of sfRNA as the mechanism defining its role in ZIKV transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus noncoding RNA suppresses apoptosis and is required for virus transmission by mosquitoes

et al. 2020

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“…Although the role of autophagy in cell death is still under debate, and there is conflicting literature about whether autophagy is simply associated with other types of cell death or represents a distinct cell death process [31,63], report of its activation upon infection by several viruses including flaviviruses such as DENV [64], WNV [34], ZIKV [35] and TBEV [36] prompted us to evaluate its role in TBEV-infected human neuronal/glial cells. Although we analyzed the expression of 84 human genes involved in autophagy, we did not find strong evidence in favor of its involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Studies Suggest a Coincident Role for Apoptosis and Pyroptosis but Not for Autophagic Neuronal Death in TBEV-Infected Human Neuronal/Glial Cells

Fares

Górna

Berry

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death. With an incidence on the rise, it is the major arbovirus affecting humans in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. Neuronal death is a critical feature of TBEV infection, yet little is known about the type of death and the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we used a recently established pathological model of TBEV infection based on human neuronal/glial cells differentiated from fetal neural progenitors and transcriptomic approaches to tackle this question. We confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic death in these cultures and further showed that genes involved in pyroptotic death were up-regulated, suggesting that this type of death also occurs in TBEV-infected human brain cells. On the contrary, no up-regulation of major autophagic genes was found. Furthermore, we demonstrated an up-regulation of a cluster of genes belonging to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and revealed the cellular types expressing them. Our results suggest that neuronal death occurs by multiple mechanisms in TBEV-infected human neuronal/glial cells, thus providing a first insight into the molecular pathways that may be involved in neuronal death when the human brain is infected by TBEV.

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“…XBP-1, with assistance from Beclin-1. increases the LC3 expression, leading to the formation of autophagosomes [ 116 , 117 ]. Moreover, IRE1α activates the autophagic pathway via the participation of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase.…”

Section: Dengue Virus Induced Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AMPK is a regulator of the host lipid metabolism capable of inhibiting mTORC1 to induce lipophagy in cells. DENV exploits the AMPK pathway of lipophagy induction to generate sufficient energy from the lipid metabolism for efficient DENV replication [ 117 ]. The ATM kinase pathway, which is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in cells, is induced to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the PERK pathway, subsequently leading to autophagy in DENV-infected cells [ 118 ].…”

Section: Dengue Virus Induced Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Virus Infection: A Tale of Viral Exploitations and Host Responses

Nanaware

Banerjee

Bagchi

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease (arboviral) caused by the Dengue virus. It is one of the prominent public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions with no effective vaccines. Every year around 400 million people get infected by the Dengue virus, with a mortality rate of about 20% among the patients with severe dengue. The Dengue virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and it is an enveloped virus with positive-sense single-stranded RNA as the genetic material. Studies of the infection cycle of this virus revealed potential host targets important for the virus replication cycle. Here in this review article, we will be discussing different stages of the Dengue virus infection cycle inside mammalian host cells and how host proteins are exploited by the virus in the course of infection as well as how the host counteracts the virus by eliciting different antiviral responses.

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Significance of Autophagy in Dengue Virus Infection: A Brief Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Zika virus noncoding RNA suppresses apoptosis and is required for virus transmission by mosquitoes

Zika virus noncoding RNA suppresses apoptosis and is required for virus transmission by mosquitoes

Transcriptomic Studies Suggest a Coincident Role for Apoptosis and Pyroptosis but Not for Autophagic Neuronal Death in TBEV-Infected Human Neuronal/Glial Cells

Dengue Virus Infection: A Tale of Viral Exploitations and Host Responses

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