Significance of biomass open burning on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient air

Shih, Shun-I; Lee, Wen‐Jhy; Lin, Long-Full; Huang, Jiaoyan; Su, Jen-Wei; Chang-Chien, Guo-Ping

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.048

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among all PCDD/F congeners, the higher chlorinated substituted congeners such as OCDD, OCDF,1,2,3,4,6,7,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF dominated the atmospheric concentrations, similar results also shown in Wang et al (2003), Shih et al (2008) and Lin et al (2010b).…”

Section: Simulated Concentrations Of Pcdd/fs and Pcbs In The Ambient Airsupporting

confidence: 75%

Atmospheric Deposition Modeling of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Ambient Air of Southern Taiwan. Part I. Dry Depositions

Tseng

Hsieh

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Atmospheric deposition, including dry and wet deposition, is a primary pathway for the transfer of POPs to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In this study (that is, the part I.), the characteristics of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the ambient air of Tainan City were simulated by the PM 10 versus PCDD/Fs concentration regression analysis, gas-particle partition modeling, and the simulation of dry deposition. Dry deposition fluxes are obtained from the combination of the PCDD/F and PCB concentrations, meteorological information, dry deposition velocities, and scavenging ratios. The dry deposition fluxes of PCDD/F-TEQ 2005 increase with decreasing temperature, while increase with a higher degree of chlorine numbers on PCDD/F homologues. In this study (that is, the part I.), the average PCDD/F dry deposition fluxes in spring, summer, fall and winter were 69.3, 28.2, 129 and 246 pg WHO-TEQ/m 2 -month during 2012, respectively. As for 2013, the average PCDD/F dry deposition fluxes in spring, summer, fall and winter were 67.0, 29.8, 102 and 377 pg WHO-TEQ/m 2 -month, respectively. The average PCB dry deposition fluxes in spring, summer, fall and winter were 2.16, 1.99, 5.70 and 11.9 pg WHO-TEQ/m 2 -month during 2012, respectively. As for 2013, the average PCB dry deposition fluxes in spring, summer, fall and winter were 2.11, 1.27, 4.49 and 8.88 pg WHO-TEQ/m 2 -month, respectively. The minimum simulated value occurred in summer, while the maximum dry deposition fluxes, which were about 4-5 times higher than the minimum values, occurred in winter. The lower values observed in summer may be caused by the atmospheric diffusion of SVOCs and high rainfall intensity.

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Section: Simulated Concentrations Of Pcdd/fs and Pcbs In The Ambient Airsupporting

confidence: 75%

Atmospheric Deposition Modeling of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Ambient Air of Southern Taiwan. Part I. Dry Depositions

Tseng

Hsieh

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The significance of the minimally or non-controlled combustion sources can be seen from Table 1, whereby their contributions to the inventories accounted for 44.7% in the EU (Quaß et al, 2004), 36.9% in the US (US EPA, 2006), 69.66% in Australia (Bawden et al, 2004) and 36.8% in Brazil (MMA, 2015). The concentration of PCDD/Fs in the ambient air of areas with biomass burning activity could have 4-17 times greater than areas with no or minimal biomass burning activity (Shih et al, 2008). Table 10 lists PCDD/F emission factors from some minimally controlled combustion sources including stoves and residential boilers.…”

Section: Pcdd/f Emissions From Minimally or Non-controlled Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of PCDD/F Inventories and Emission Factors from Stationary and Mobile Sources: What We Know and What is Missing

Cheruiyot

Lee

Yan

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This overview attempts to outline what we currently know about the PCDD/F emission inventories and the source categories therein. Besides the best available control techniques, suggestions are offered on how to reduce the PCDD/F emission factors and emission quantity of some important PCDD/F emission sources. The PCDD/F combustion sources can be classified as either stationary or mobile or minimally/uncontrolled combustion sources. The major stationary sources of PCDD/Fs are metal production processes, waste incineration, heat and power plants, and fly ash treatment plant. Crematories, vehicles, residential boilers and stoves are of key concern due to their proximity to residential areas and their relatively lower lying stacks and exhaust gases, which may result in great impact to their surrounding environment.Moreover, we offered our perspectives on how to improve the quality and representative of the PCDD/F emission factors to attain PCDD/F inventories which correspond more to reality. These points of view include: (1) PCDD/F contributions during start-up procedures of MSWIs should be considered, (2) the sampling times of stack flue gases for EAFs and secondary metal smelters should correspond to whole smelting process stages, (3) longer flue gas sampling time should be executed for power plants, (4) direct exhaust samplings from tailpipes for mobile sources, (5) development of an open burn testing facility that can reflect the real open burning conditions, and (6) long-term sampling techniques like AMESA are suggested to used exclusively for the most contributed PCDD/F stationary sources.

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“…Other pollutants are also emitted during rice straw burning: carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and some organic and inorganic compounds such as heavy metals, ions, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are emitted in gas phase or as constituents of the PM (Andreae and Merlet, 2001, Cheng et al, 2009, Gadde et al, 2009, Hays et al, 2005, Lemieux et al, 2004. Although some of these air pollutants such as PAHs or PCDD/Fs are released at low concentrations, they have harmful toxicological properties (Lemieux et al, 2004, Shih et al, 2008 and are potential carcinogens (Conde et al, 2005). Consequently, burning rice straw has been regulated and restricted in many regions worldwide despite its economic and practical benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burningSanchis, E 1 ., Ferrer, M 1 ., Calvet, S 1 ., Coscollà, C 2 ., Yusà, V 2 ., Cambra-López, M 1 . AbstractBurning of rice straw can emit considerable amounts of atmospheric pollutants. We evaluated the effect of rice straw moisture content (5%, 10% and 20%) on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and on the organic and inorganic constituents of released particulate matter (PM): dioxins, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Four burning tests were conducted per moisture treatment using the open chamber method. Gaseous emission profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were also measured. Additionally, combustion characteristics, including burning stages, durations, combustion efficiency, temperature, and relative humidity, were recorded. Burning tests showed flaming and smoldering stages were significantly longer in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.05) compared with the rest. The amount of burned straw and ashes decreased with increasing straw moisture content (P<0.001). Carbon dioxide was the main product obtained during combustion with emission values ranging from 692 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (10% moisture content) to 835 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (20% moisture content). Emission factors for PM were the highest in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.005). Fine PM (PM2.5) accounted to more than 60% of total PM mass. Emission factors for dioxins increased with straw moisture content, being the highest in 20% moisture treatment, although showing a wide variability among burning tests (P>0.05). Emissions factors for heavy metals were low and similar among moisture treatments (P>0.05). Emission factors for individual PAHs were generally higher in 20% moisture treatment. Average SO 2 and NO emissions decreased with moisture content. In contrast, CO emissions increased with moisture content.Overall, emission factors of atmospheric pollutants measured in our study were higher in the 20% moisture content. This difference could be attributed to the incomplete combustion at higher levels *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Quema_sin tablas ni figuras_cor.docx Click here to view linked References 2 of rice straw moisture content. According to our results, rice straw burning should be done after straw drying and under minimal moisture conditions to lower pollutant emission levels.

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Significance of biomass open burning on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the ambient air

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Atmospheric Deposition Modeling of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Ambient Air of Southern Taiwan. Part I. Dry Depositions

Atmospheric Deposition Modeling of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Ambient Air of Southern Taiwan. Part I. Dry Depositions

An Overview of PCDD/F Inventories and Emission Factors from Stationary and Mobile Sources: What We Know and What is Missing

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

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