Significance of Carbon Nanotube in Flame-Retardant Polymer/CNT Composite: A Review

Kausar, Ayesha; Rafique, Irum; Muhammad, Bakhtiar

doi:10.1080/03602559.2016.1233267

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Many relevant achievements have been described in the literature in this direction [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Many functions can be conferred to aeronautical composites by proper use of nanotechnology, for example by embedding nanostructured materials with exceptional properties, like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in aeronautical grade epoxy resins before or during the manufacturing processes [11,12,13,14,15,16]. The introduction of secondary nanoscale reinforcements (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes or nanoclay distributed in polymer matrix or fiber sizing) into the fiber-reinforced composites may contribute to further improvements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Current Map and Bulk Conductivity of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Nanocomposites

et al. 2019

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A suitably modified resin film infusion (RFI) process was used for manufacturing carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) impregnated with a resin containing nanocages of glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (GPOSS) for enhancing flame resistance and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to contrast the electrical insulating properties of the epoxy resin. The effects of the different numbers (7, 14 and 24) of the plies on the equivalent direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) electrical conductivity were evaluated. All the manufactured panels manifest very high values in electrical conductivity. Besides, for the first time, CFRC strings were analyzed by tunneling atomic force microscopy (TUNA) technique. The electrical current maps highlight electrically conductive three-dimensional networks incorporated in the resin through the plies of the panels. The highest equivalent bulk conductivity is shown by the seven-ply panel characterized by the parallel (σ//0°) in-plane conductivity of 16.19 kS/m. Electrical tests also evidence that the presence of GPOSS preserves the AC electrical stability of the panels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Current Map and Bulk Conductivity of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Nanocomposites

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, nano flame retardants are superior to almost all current flame retardants in terms of improving the physical properties of polymer substrates. Since montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were used to fabricate a flame-retarding PA6 nanocomposite by Toyota Corporation (Japan) in 1976, more and more nano flame retardants have been introduced to prepare high-performance flame-retarding polymers [73], such as graphite oxide (GO) [74,75], layered doubled hydroxides (LDH) [76], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [77], polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) [78], fullerene (C60) [79], etc. The flame-retardant mechanisms of nano flame retardants are very complicated, in which the interaction between nano flame retardant and substrate is the critical factor, thus, the flame-retardant mechanism for different nano flame retardants in different polymers may be different due to various structural features of the polymer matrix and nanoparticles.…”

Section: Nano Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardation of Natural Rubber: Strategy and Recent Progress

et al. 2020

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Natural rubber (NR) as a kind of commercial polymer or engineering elastomer is widely used in tires, dampers, suspension elements, etc., because of its unique overall performance. For some NR products, their work environment is extremely harsh, facing a serious fire safety challenge. Accordingly, it is important and necessary to endow NR with flame retardancy via different strategies. Until now, different methods have been used to improve the flame retardancy of NR, mainly including intrinsic flame retardation through the incorporation of some flame-retarding units into polymer chains and additive-type flame retardation via adding some halogen or halogen-free flame retardants into NR matrix. For them, the synergistic flame-retarding action is usually applied to simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and mechanical properties, in which some synergistic flame retardants such as organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), carbon materials, halloysite nanotube (HNT), etc., are utilized to achieve the above-mentioned aim. The used flame-retarding units in polymer chains for intrinsic flame retardation mainly include phosphorus-containing small molecules, an unsaturated chemical bonds-containing structure, a cross-linking structure, etc.; flame retardants in additive-type flame retardation contain organic and inorganic flame retardants, such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and so on. Concerning the flame retardation of NR, great progress has been made in the past work. To achieve the comprehensive understanding for the strategy and recent progress in the flame retardation of NR, we thoroughly analyze and discuss the past and current flame-retardant strategies and the obtained progress in the flame-retarding NR field in this review, and a brief prospect for the flame retardation of NR is also presented.

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“…Rigid polyurethane (PU) foam, a widely used polymer material, has been applied to various aspects of human society, especially in the wall insulation, construction and pipelines. PUs exhibit many unique properties including superior mechanical properties, excellent adhesion, a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and low density, especially, excellent heat insulation and heat preservation performance 1‐4 . However, PUs also suffer from fatal drawbacks inducting extreme flammability and high heat release rates (HRRs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based intumescent flame retardant and its application in polyurethane

Xing

Lin

et al. 2020

Fire and Materials

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Summary A novel bio‐based P‐N containing intumescent flame retardant melamine starch phytate (PSTM) was prepared via the reaction of phytic acid starch ester with melamine and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of PSTM on thermal properties and flammability of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were analyzed by TGA, limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning tests (UL‐94) and cone calorimeter measurement. The TGA results demonstrated that the thermal stabilities of PU/PSTM foam at high temperature was enhanced with the increasing additive amount of PSTM. The results showed that PU foam with 30 php PSTM (PU/PSTM‐30%) observed an LOI value of 25.9 and a UL‐94 rating of V‐0. Cone calorimetry data showed that peak heat release rate, total heat release and smoke production rate of PU/PSTM‐30% were distinctly lower than that of pure PU. Further experimental results demonstrated that PSTM promotes well charring of PU which could protect the foam from combustion. This work developed a novel bio‐based intumescent flame retardant by suing phytic acid and starch as the acid source and carbon source, respectively, which is of great significance to the preparation of environmental‐friendly flame retardants.

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Significance of Carbon Nanotube in Flame-Retardant Polymer/CNT Composite: A Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 93 publications

Electrical Current Map and Bulk Conductivity of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Nanocomposites

Electrical Current Map and Bulk Conductivity of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Nanocomposites

Flame Retardation of Natural Rubber: Strategy and Recent Progress

Synthesis and characterization of bio‐based intumescent flame retardant and its application in polyurethane

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