Significance of gastrin-releasing peptide in ovarian cancer ES2 cells

Abstract

Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer ES2 cells. The ovarian cancer ES2 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA against GRP. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Trypan blue assay, apoptosis was determined using propidium iodide/fluorescein isothiocyanate and flow cytometry, and the invasion ability was detected using the Transwell assay. The results revealed that the expression of GRP significantly decreased following transfection with GRP-short hairpin RNA. Furthermore, the silencing of GRP resulted in increased apoptosis and a reduced invasive ability of the ES2 cells. It was concluded that GRP may regulate the proliferation and migration of human ovarian cancer cells, which indicates that GRP may be a potential novel target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Bombesin related peptides/receptors and their promising therapeutic roles in cancer imaging, targeting and treatment

“…Silencing of GRPR/GRP by siRNA-delivery has been shown to decrease the signaling cascades leading to proliferation and the growth of neuroblastomas[39], ovarian-cancers[35] and lung-cancers[46]. Another novel approach reported to be effective[47] in silencing the autocrine-growth effect of Bn-related peptides is to immunize animals containing melanomas which possess GRPR and produce GRP, with a DNA-vaccine contain GRP-fragments coupled to tetanus-toxoid and helper-T cell epitopes.…”

“…These include coupling various BnR-ligands(primarily agonists) to cytotoxic-radioisotopes( 90 Y, 177 Lu)[16•,82,83]; the coupling of BnR-ligands to phthalocyanine or to porphyrin-photosensitizers[84] to allow photodynamic therapy[85]; the coupling to various siRNA which can affect tumor proliferation/growth/viability[35,86]; coupling to various cytotoxic-chemotherapeutic agents including paclitaxel[87], camptothecin[88,89], and doxorubicin[32,90], as well as to various cytotoxic-marine toxins[hemiasterlin,dolastatin][91]; coupling BnR-agonists to the antimicrobial peptide, magainin 11[92] markedly increase the cytotoxiticity of magainin 11 both in vitro in a number of GRPR-containing tumor cells and in vivo in MCF-7- breast-cancer-cells; and coupling BnR-agonists coupled to antimicrobial cytotoxic-peptides showed enhanced cytotoxicity for breast-cancer-cells[93]. A doxorubicin-containing Bn-conjugated-analogue, AN-215,has been studied in a number of different cancers and shown to have antitumor activity in cancers of the pancreas, lung, prostate, colon, ovary, endometrium, breast,stomach,and CNS(glioblastomas)[16•,32].…”

“…Receptor-mediated-endocytosis as well as their incorporation into nanoparticles/liposomes are commonly used carriers to deliver siRNA. The conjugation of siRNA to Bn/BnR-ligands increases apoptosis and decreases invasiveness of ovarian-cancer-cells[35], as well as suppresses tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of neuroblastomas[109,110]. In the prostate-cancer-cell-line, PC-3, siRNA-constructs coupled to a Bn-agonist-analogue, undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis with a Km-value similar to that seen for pharmacological responses of the cell, utilizing a clathrin-, actin-and dynamin-mediated pathway.…”

Screening and identification of key biomarkers associated with endometriosis using bioinformatics and next generation sequencing data analysis

“…In this investigation, we identified enriched genes in GO terms and signaling pathways that might be utilized as diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in endometriosis. Signaling pathways include extracellular matrix organization [101], nervous system development [102], signal transduction [103], hemostasis [104], muscle contraction [105], signaling by retinoic acid [106] [189], VCAM1 [190], GRP (gastrin releasing peptide) [191], AQP8 [192], WNT6 [193], FABP4 [194], SOX6 [195], NTRK1 [196], CNTN1 [197], MMP12 [198], LAG3 [199], SOX18 [200], CCR1 [201], FLT1 [202], PRDM1 [203], TRPC3 [204], DKK2 [205], RNF157 [206], DHCR24 [207], BMP4 [208], PRL (prolactin) [209],…”

Non-lipopeptide fungi-derived peptide antibiotics developed since 2000

“…Fungi are well-known producers of bioactive secondary metabolites, especially short peptides of 30 residues or fewer, with interesting structures and antibiotic properties (Brase et al 2009;Jia et al 2015;Li et al 2017;Wang et al 2017a, b;Yu et al 2012). Herein, we focus on fungal cyclodipeptides known as 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs), as well as typical peptides and their analogs, reported since 2000.…”