Significance of Intracortical Inhibition in the Visual Cortex

Benevento, L.A.; Creutzfeldt, O. D.; Kuhnt, U.

doi:10.1038/newbio238124a0

Cited by 151 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, although we probably favor the "lateral inhibition" account of the masking effects reported here, as well as the tilt illusion and aftereffect and related phenomena, we accept that others may wish to use the term "adaptation"; but we agreewith Sekuler and Littlejohn (1974) that backward masking and aftereffect seem more easily to be explicable in "inhibition" than in "adaptation" terminology. In the end, the critical test of the mechanisms underlying the various aftereffect, adaptation, and masking phenomena probably will require direct physiological observations of the kind which are already beginning to be reported (e.g., Benevento, Creutzfeldt, & Kuhnt, 1972;Blakemore & Tobin, 1972;Nelson & Frost, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of apparent motion cues in orientation masking

Wenderoth

Tyler

1979

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of apparent motion cues in orientation masking

Wenderoth

Tyler

1979

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Within this context, Morrone, Burr, and Maffei (1982) have suggested that inhibitory interactions between populations of nonoverlapping orientation-selective neurones (Benevento, Creutzfeldt, & Kuhnt, 1972;Blakemore & Tobin, 1972;Burr, Morrone, & Maffei, 1981) may account for fluctuations in the activity of these populations during monocular rivalry. We have suggested previously (Broerse & Crassini, 1981) that the rectangles organization of Figure Ib may be related to the composite organization reported during monocular rivalry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Making ambiguous displays unambiguous: The influence of real colors and colored aftereffects on perceptual alternation

Broerse¹,

Crassini

1986

Perception & Psychophysics

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The relationship between orientation-contingent colored aftereffects (CAEs) and perceptual alternation of ambiguous displays was investigated in three experiments. In all experiments, the ambiguous test display consisted of vertical and horizontal contours that either could be perceived as separate surfaces (the diamond organization) or could be combined to form upright and inverted Us (the rectangles organization). In Experiments 1 and 2, observers inspected the test display when it was achromatic, when it was colored in a manner consistent with the appearance of CAEs, and when it was colored in a non-CAE manner. In Experiment 3, the test display was inspected monocularly before and after monocular color-orientation adaptation. The achromatic viewing conditions of Experiments 1 and 2, both monocular preadaptation achromatic viewing conditions of Experiment 3, and the postadaptation achromatic viewing condition involving the nonadaptation eye in Experiment 3 produced essentially the same results: reports of approximately equal duration for the diamond and rectangles organizations and steady rates ofperceptual alternation. The non-CAE color conditions of Experiment 2 produced a similar pattern of results. However, the color condition of Experiment 1 (i.e., simulated CAEs), and the postadaptation condition involving the adaptation eye in Experiment 3 produced a decrement in the perceptual alternation rate, with the diamond organization being reported almost exclusively. These results indicate that ambiguous displays can be made unambiguous by altering the appearance of the displays either through the addition of appropriate colors or by exposing observers to appropriate adaptation conditions. These results are consistent with stimulus-bound explanations of both CAEs and perceptual alternation.The two displays in Figure 1 are perceptually ambiguous. That is, although the physical properties of the displays (e.g., the orientation, contrast, and number of contours within the displays) do not change during a period of observation, perception of the displays does change. On some occasions, perception of Figure la (the Schroeder staircase) is such that the point farthest from the observer appears to be the upper right-hand comer. On other occasions, the perceived staircase is such that this same point appears to be the nearest point relative to the observer. Similarly, Figure ib may be seen as consisting of a centrally located, diamond-shaped figure made up of horizontal bars superimposed on a background of A preliminary presentation of the results reported here was made at

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“…The earliest receptive field models of simple cells in primary visual cortex (V1) were based primarily on excitation from afferent LGN fibers (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962), but many researchers have since recognized the importance of inhibition from inside (Benevento et al, 1972;Morrone et al, 1982;Bonds, 1989;DeAngelis et al, 1992) and outside (Hubel and Wiesel, 1968;Blakemore and Tobin, 1972;Nelson and Frost, 1978;Knierim and Van Essen, 1992;DeAngelis et al, 1994) the classical receptive field (CRF) in shaping the response properties of these neurons. The response of a neuron to an optimally oriented stimulus can be reduced by superimposing an orthogonal mask stimulus or by placing a parallel stimulus outside the CRF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Suppression in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

2006

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The response of a neuron in primary visual cortex (V1) to an optimal stimulus in its classical receptive field (CRF) can be reduced by the presence of an orthogonal mask, a phenomenon known as cross-orientation suppression. The presence of a parallel stimulus outside the CRF can have a similar effect, in this case known as surround suppression. We used a novel stimulus to probe the time course of cross-orientation suppression and found that it is very fast, starting even before the response to optimal excitatory stimuli. However, it occurs with some delay after the offset response, considered to be a measure of the earliest excitatory signals that reach the CRF. We also examined the time course of response to a stimulus presented outside the CRF and found that cross-orientation suppression begins substantially earlier than surround suppression measured in the same cells. Together, these findings suggest that cross-orientation suppression is attributable to either direct feedforward signal paths to V1 neurons or a circuit involving fast local interneurons within V1. Feedback from higher cortical areas is implicated in surround suppression, but our results make this an implausible mechanism for cross-orientation suppression. We conclude that suppression from inside and outside the CRF occur through different mechanisms.

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Significance of Intracortical Inhibition in the Visual Cortex

Cited by 151 publications

References 8 publications

The role of apparent motion cues in orientation masking

The role of apparent motion cues in orientation masking

Making ambiguous displays unambiguous: The influence of real colors and colored aftereffects on perceptual alternation

Dynamics of Suppression in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

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