Significance of miRNA in enhancement of flavonoid biosynthesis

Abstract

Flavonoid metabolism shows very strong plasticity in plant development and coping with the changing environment. Flavonoid biosynthesis is regulated by many metabolic pathways, including transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional control, post-translational regulationand epigenetic regulation. miRNA is a form of endogenous noncoding single-strand small molecule RNA that primarily regulates the expression of target genes horizontally after transcription through splicing and translational suppression. It also plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development, secondary metabolism and biotic and abiotic stress. miRNA can regulate the formation of flavonoids by acting on structural genes or indirectly by using an MBW transcription complex comprising MYB-bHLH-WD40. This study summarizes the biosynthesis and mechanisms of miRNA, and provides a summary of the mechanisms of miRNAs involved in production of flavonoids, in order to elucidate the biosynthesis pathway and complex regulatory network of plant flavonoids. We aim to provide new insights into improving the content of flavonoid active ingredients in plants.

The Involvement of microRNAs in Plant Lignan Biosynthesis—Current View

“…Environmental factors can affect secondary metabolites biosynthesis by modulation of gene expression through miRNAs and transcription factors. The list of miRNAs and related transcription factors involved in flavonoid biosynthesis mediated by environmental factors is displayed in the following study [ 10 ].…”

Argonaute5 and its associated small RNAs modulate the transcriptional response during the rhizobia-Phaseolus vulgaris symbiosis

“…Some of these families are directly related to nodulation such as miR482, miR166 and miR156 ( Boualem et al., 2008 ; Li et al., 2010 ; Wang et al., 2015 ). In the case of miR156 and miR396 families, they are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis ( Yang et al., 2022 ) which could partly explain that, when we alter the production of AGO5, these microRNAs being associated, the biosynthesis of flavonoids is altered. Finally, an important candidate for the explanation of nodulation alteration is miR1511, that has been shown to regulate root growth under abiotic stresses, via iron homeostasis and ROS accumulation in roots ( Martin-Rodriguez et al., 2021 ).…”

FtbZIP85 Is Involved in the Accumulation of Proanthocyanidin by Regulating the Transcription of FtDFR in Tartary Buckwheat

“…MdbHLH33, an apple bHLH transcription factor (TF) in Malus × domestica , by activating MdCBF2 and MdDFR expression, was identified as affecting cold tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation of the positive adjustment factor [ 9 ]. Meanwhile, dihydroflavonol 4-reducase (DFR) acts as a key hub in the flavonoid synthesis pathway, directly affecting the biosynthesis of PA [ 10 ]. DFRs are a family of NADPH-dependent reductases [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…In addition, bZIP TFs have also been shown to be involved in PA biosynthesis metabolic pathways [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. For example, MdBB × 20 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis when overexpressed in apple calli [ 10 ]. MdHB1, the HD-Zip I TF, indirectly inhibits the transcription of MdDFR and MdUFGT (UDP-flavonoid glucosyltransferase) by inhibiting the entry of MdMYB10, MdbHLH3 and MdTTG1 into the cytoplasm.…”