Significance of Oil‐Red‐O positive macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing E‐cigarettes or vaping product use‐associated lung injury: A case series

Niu, Shuang; Rivera-Colón, Glorimar; Molberg, Kyle; Hao, Chunyan; Carrick, Kelley; Yan, Shirley; Sarode, Venetia; Lucas, Elena

doi:10.1002/dc.24760

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, impairment in the function of these key macrophages might result in tumor promotion and worsened clinical outcomes. Moreover, studies have also found that there is an increased presence of lipid-laden macrophages correlated to e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury [55]. Lipid-laden alveolar macrophages are often indicators of aspiration and may serve as markers for lung disease [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Tsai

Saad

Magesh

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Tobacco is the primary etiologic agent in worsened lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) outcomes. Meanwhile, it has been shown that etiologic agents alter enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) expression. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of tobacco and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on eRNA expression in relation to LUSC outcomes. We extracted eRNA counts from RNA-sequencing data of tumor/adjacent normal tissue and before/after e-cigarette tissue from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Tobacco-mediated LUSC eRNAs were correlated to patient survival, clinical variables, and immune-associated elements. eRNA expression was also correlated to mutation rates through the Repeated Evaluation of Variables Conditional Entropy and Redundance (REVEALER) algorithm and methylated sites through methylationArrayAnalysis. Differential expression analysis was then completed for the e-cigarette data to compare with key tobacco-mediated eRNAs. We identified 684 downregulated eRNAs and 819 upregulated eRNAs associated with tobacco-mediated LUSC, specifically, with the cancer pathological stage. We also observed a decrease in immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. Yet, we found an increased association of eRNA expression with immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. We identified 16 key eRNAs with significant correlations to 8 clinical variables, implicating these eRNAs in LUSC malignancy. Furthermore, we observed that these 16 eRNAs were highly associated with chromosomal alterations and reduced CpG site methylation. Finally, we observed large eRNA expression upregulation with e-cigarette use, which corresponded to the upregulation of the 16 key eRNAs. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which tobacco and e-cigarette smoke influences eRNA interactions to promote LUSC pathogenesis and provide insight regarding disease progression at a molecular level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Tsai

Saad

Magesh

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Acute lung injury—from cannabis to COVID

Beasley

2022

Modern Pathology

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High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury

Seyler,

Blount,

Wang

2023

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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In 2019, nearly 3000 U.S. residents developed severe lung injury associated with recent use of e-cigarette or vaping products. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) responded to the outbreak, which was formally defined as e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI). CDC Laboratory rapidly developed assays to analyze potentially harmful and addictive substances in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collected from EVALI case patients. This report describes the development and validation of a high-throughput isotope dilution HPLC-MS/MS method for measuring two nicotine biomarkers, cotinine (COT) and trans-3ʹ-hydroxycotinine (HCT), in BAL fluid samples. COT and HCT are the major metabolites of nicotine, the addictive alkaloid presents in tobacco products. This method had good specificity and sensitivity. The limit of detection is 0.033 and 0.0165 ng/mL for COT and HCT, respectively, using only 200 µL of sample volume. The within-run and between-run precision was 2-10%. The overall accuracy, calculated from recovery in three different sample matrices spiked at three concentrations, was 94.8% and 93.6% for COT and HCT, respectively. This novel HPLC-MS/MS method was utilized to characterize recent tobacco exposure in EVALI case patients. This method is useful for characterizing tobacco exposure that may be related to acute and chronic lung injury. Keyword: e-cigarette, vaping, EVALI, nicotine, hydroxycotinine, cotinine

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Significance of Oil‐Red‐O positive macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing E‐cigarettes or vaping product use‐associated lung injury: A case series

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Acute lung injury—from cannabis to COVID

High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury

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