Significance of saturation index of certain clay minerals in shallow coastal groundwater, in and around Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

Chidambaram, S.; Karmegam, U.; Sasidhar, P. V. K.; Prasanna, Mohan Viswanathan; Manivannan, R.; Arunachalam, S.; Manikandan, S.; Anandhan, P.

doi:10.1007/s12040-011-0105-2

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When the SI values are positive, there are appropriate physical and chemical conditions for the precipitation of mineral phases, that is, the groundwater is supersaturated in relation to a specific mineral. Otherwise, when the SI is negative, the dissociated products do not precipitate owing to the undersaturated condition (Chidambaram et al 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervening Factors in the Groundwater Salinization Process, Cachoeira River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

Alves¹,

Nascimento²,

Gomes³

2022

Anu. Inst. Geociênc.

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Hydrogeochemical diagrams and multivariate statistics were applied herein to identify the factors that potentially influence the salinity of water in the crystalline aquifer of the Cachoeira River Basin region, located in the southern portion of the State of Bahia. Data from the hydrogeological database of the Companhia de Engenharia Hídrica e de Saneamento da Bahia (CERB) were applied. The groundwater was predominantly classified as calcium-bicarbonate, with salinity levels ranging from fresh to brackish. The cation that prevails in the region is Ca2+, while carbonate and bicarbonate are the dominant anions. Factor analysis enabled the determination of two factors that explain approximately 93% of the total variance of the data. Hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in five distinct groups based on dissolved ion concentrations. This study indicates that the natural mechanisms that control the chemical composition of groundwater are mainly related to the weathering of rocks and evaporative processes, with the most significant parameters related to the variability of water salinity being Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Fe (total), and Cl-.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervening Factors in the Groundwater Salinization Process, Cachoeira River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

Alves¹,

Nascimento²,

Gomes³

2022

Anu. Inst. Geociênc.

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“…6) ) contents in the groundwater samples, which indicates the origin of groundwater and the source of their dissolved salts and clarifies different processes affecting groundwater characters (Piper, 1944). Mixing of water from different sources or evolution pathways can also be indicated by this diagram (Freeze and Cherry,1979;Chidambaram and Karmegam , 2011). Plotting the groundwater samples on the Piper's diagram shows that most of the hydrochemical facies in this area fall in the field of NaCl type (75%) with major CaNaHCO3 type (Samples No.1 and 2) and CaCl type (Sample No.…”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Characteristics Of the Water Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hydrogeochemistry of Water Resources of Oka Municipality

Ikeoha¹

2017

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Abstract. The absence of Perennial River, semi-arid climatic condition and growing neediness of water increased the usage of water resources. In Oka municipality, all the water resources characters are sampled for its chemistry. Hydrochemistry of the water is influenced by geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Hence to assess the chemical characteristics of the water in the study area, a total of 20 water samples from different sources were collected and analyzed for physical parameters such as pH, conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids along with major cations and anions using standard procedures. The dominant cations and anions were, Na ˃ Ca ˃ Mg ˃ K and HCO ˃Cl> NO3 ˃ F ˃ PO4 ˃SO4 respectively. Hydro chemical facies demarcated were NaCl, CaNaHCO 3 , CaHCO 3 and CaMgCl. The facies suggests ionic exchange, dissolution, silicate weathering and anthropogenic sources are responsible for the variation in water chemistry of the study area. The silicate group minerals show over equilibrium conditions sulphate and halide group minerals indicate under saturation condition. Stiff diagrams are used to distinguish the water types. Box and whisker plots and rank sum tests confirm that the five water types are distinct from each other. The three water types cluster together in three separate areas. Piper plots indicate that considerable cation exchange has occurred in the NaHCO 3 . The Ca-rich recharge water exchanges Ca for Na and K, producing the NaHCO 3 . The saturation values trend increases along the flow path.

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“…Chemical speciation is used to evaluate the distribution of certain chemical species with different chemical forms and oxidation states (Purkait and Mukherjee, 2008;De Stefano et al, 1999;Foti et al, 2000). A geochemical modeling system attempts to map all the reactions and events of the modeled environment (Klunk et al 2018;Chidambaram et al, 2011a). These events include complexation, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and dissolution.…”

Section: Geochemical Speciation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Speciation and Batch Mode Simulation in the Carbonate Depositional Environments

Klunk¹,

Dasgupta²,

Das³

et al. 2019

PTQ

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Geochemical modeling has been frequently used to understand and interpret water-rock interactions in sedimentary basins. Thermodynamic data, kinetic parameters, numerical methods, boundary history, and boundary conditions are factors affecting any geochemical modeling system. In the present study, we have attempted to establish a geochemical speciation model by comparing the interaction of formation water and carbonate rock in the carbonate depositional settings of Cambrian successions of Bachu and Tarim area. A comparative study of geochemical speciation has been performed using four different software: PHREEQCTM, GWBTM, TOUGHREACTTM, and GEODELING. GEODELING is a geochemical code simulator that we have developed, and the details are presented further in this work. All the software has been analyzed minutely, considering the distribution, mobility, and availability of chemical species in geological environments. Very similar results in speciation are observed while working with low-temperature systems. A discrepancy can be observed in the results while working with high temperatures. However, a thorough Newton-Raphson formulation, scaling of algebraic equations and master-species switching helps to reduce the possibility of failures of the numerical method used in PHREEQCTM.

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Significance of saturation index of certain clay minerals in shallow coastal groundwater, in and around Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Intervening Factors in the Groundwater Salinization Process, Cachoeira River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

Intervening Factors in the Groundwater Salinization Process, Cachoeira River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

Hydrogeochemistry of Water Resources of Oka Municipality

Geochemical Speciation and Batch Mode Simulation in the Carbonate Depositional Environments

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