Significance of Serum Calcium, Inorganic Phosphates and Alkaline Phosphatase in Experimental Manganese Toxicity

Chandra, Satya V.; Imam, Zaka; Nagar, Neeti

doi:10.2486/indhealth.11.43

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the decrease in chlorides and phosphates in plasma or increase in erythrocytes ALP in manganese toxicity as compared to controls might be due to variance in interaction among magnesium, manganese or other biomolecules. The condition of hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia in rabbits exposed to manganese has also been noted earlier 10) . These authors suggested several reasons for hypophosphataemia that include interferences at gastrointestinal absorption of phosphates by certain metals or increased phosphate diuresis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, some biochemical changes in manganese toxicity have been found useful in assessing early manganese Industrial Health 2005, 43, 663-668 poisoning. Studies conducted in experimental animals 9,10) and suspected cases of manganese poisoning 11) revealed that serum calcium, inorganic phosphate and adenosine deaminase are some of the biochemical changes that could possibly be used in the early detection of manganese poisoning. The elevated level of serum prolactin 12) and the increased activity of lymphocytes manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in conjugation with higher concentration of blood manganese 13) have been suggested as useful peripheral biomarkers of manganese exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Biochemical Alterations in Manganese Toxicity: Ameliorating Effects of Magnesium Nitrate and Vitamins

Zaidi¹,

Patel²,

Mehta

et al. 2005

Ind Health

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Manganese-induced early biochemical changes and effects of supplementation of magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ) and antioxidant vitamins (A, C, D and E) were studied in rats intoxicated with manganese. Significant elevation in the level of chlorides in plasma, erythrocytes, liver and cerebellum, and a decrease in plasma inorganic phosphate (pi) with an increase in liver pi were observed in animals exposed to manganese as compared to controls. The level of erythrocyteacid labile phosphate (ALP), nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide (NAD + ) and plasma sialic acid (Nacetylneuraminic acid, NANA) also increased significantly. Elevated levels of chlorides in plasma, erythrocytes and cerebellum reversed to normal control values whereas liver chlorides restored partially by the supplementation of Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . Vitamins supplementation was effective to reverse chlorides level in erythrocytes, liver and cerebellum. Decreased level of pi in plasma and the highly elevated level of erythrocyte ALP were also recovered in animals received Mg(NO 3 ) 2 in addition to MnSO 4 . However, such effect of Mg(NO 3 ) 2 was not seen in lowering the elevated level of NANA that restored by the administration of vitamins. Thus, the early alterations in plasma levels of chlorides, pi, and NANA and erythrocyte-ALP seem to be an indicative of early manganese toxicity while Mg(NO 3 ) 2 and vitamins supplementation appear to provide, at least in part, protection against manganese toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Biochemical Alterations in Manganese Toxicity: Ameliorating Effects of Magnesium Nitrate and Vitamins

Zaidi¹,

Patel²,

Mehta

et al. 2005

Ind Health

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“…Our finding of a statistically significant increase of serum calcium in the Mn-exposed workers confirms previous observations [Jonderko et al, 1971;Chandra et al, 1974, 19811. Experimental studies on Mn-intoxicated rats by Chandra et al [1973] demonstrated that the increase in serum calcium was accompanied by a decrease in the serum level of alkaline phosphatase activity and inorganic phosphate. The pathogenic mechanisms of these changes were not clear since no specific tissue abnormalities were found in parathyroids and bones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also measured the peripheral serotonin content and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Since a few human studies and several experimental investigations [Chandra et al, 1973[Chandra et al, , 1974Jonderko et al, 1971; Banta and Markesbery, 1977; Mena et al, 1969Mena et al, , 1974; Thomson et al, 1971; Panic, 1967; Gubler et al, 19541 suggest the existence of possible interactions between Mn and the metabolism of other metals (eg, calcium, copper, iron), we determined the serum level of calcium, ceruloplasmin, and ferritin. The ventilatory status of the workers was also assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological survey among workers exposed to manganese: Effects on lung, central nervous system, and some biological indices

Roels¹,

Lauwerys²,

Buchet³

et al. 1987

American J Industrial Med

258

144

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A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out among 141 male subjects exposed to inorganic manganese (Mn) in a Mn oxide and salt producing plant (mean age 34.3 years; duration of exposure, mean 7.1 years, range 1-19 years). The results were compared with those of a matched control group of 104 subjects. The intensity of Mn exposure was moderate as reflected by the airborne Mn levels and the concentrations of Mn in blood (Mn-B) and in urine (Mn-U). A significantly higher prevalence of cough in cold season, dyspnea during exercise, and recent episodes of acute bronchitis was found in the Mn group. Lung ventilatory parameters (forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1; peak expiratory flow rate, PEFR) were only mildly altered in the Mn group (smokers) and the intensity and the prevalence of these changes were not related to Mn-B, Mn-U, or duration of exposure. There was no synergistic effect between Mn exposure and smoking on the spirometric parameters. Except for a few nonspecific symptoms (fatigue, tinnitus, trembling of fingers, increased irritability), the prevalence of the other subjective complaints did not differ significantly between the control and Mn groups. Psychomotor tests were more sensitive than the standardized neurological examination for the early detection of adverse effects of Mn on the central nervous system (CNS). Significant alterations were found in simple reaction time (visual), audioverbal short-term memory capacity, and hand tremor (eye-hand coordination, hand steadiness). A slight increase in the number of circulating neutrophils and in the values of several serum parameters (ie, calcium, ceruloplasmin, copper, and ferritin) was also found in the Mn group. There were no clear-cut dose-response relationships between Mn-U or duration of Mn exposure and the prevalence of abnormal CNS or biological findings. The prevalences of disturbances in hand tremor and that of increased levels of serum calcium were related to Mn-B. The response to the eye-hand coordination test suggests the existence of a Mn-B threshold at about 1 microgram Mn/100 ml of whole blood. This study demonstrates that a time-weighted average exposure to airborne Mn dust (total dust) of about 1 mg/m3 for less than 20 years may present preclinical signs of intoxication.

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“…(a) studies with radiolabelled complexes showed that the phannacokinetics, biodistribution, and excretion of 54Mn and I4C-DPDP are different (17); (b) the persistent MRI signal enhancement of spleen, kidney cortex, heart, intestinal mucosa, and pancreas after injection of Mn-DPDP (5,8,(13)(14)(15)18) could be ascribed to the release of free manganese, which is known to have affinity for these tissues (19)(20)(21)(22)(23); and (c) the relaxivity of manganese delivered as Mn-DPDP to the liver is higher than the relaxivity of the complex in solutions (5, g), which, for other Mn chelates, has been found to be characteristic for displacement of the manganese ion from its complexes and subsequent binding to the macromolecules inside the liver (24,25). Furthermore, a decrease of the alkaline phosphatase levels in patients was observed (14,15), a phenomenon that is well documented in manganese intoxication (26). Less conclusive are certain side effects, e.g., facial flush, sensation of warmth, transient increase of blood pressure, that have occurred with a relatively high frequency in patients following the administration of Mn-DPDP (14)(15)(16) and that potentially could be attributed to the vasodilatation effect of free manganese, which is known to be a calcium antagonist (4, 27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence for the dissociation of the hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent Mn‐DPDP

Gallez

Bačić

Swartz

1996

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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These experiments assessed and quantitated the release of free manganese Mn++ from the hepatobiliary contrast agent Mn-DPDP (manganese dipyridoxal diphosphate), using several magnetic resonance techniques (EPR spectroscopy, 31P-NMR spectroscopy, and relaxometry) to differentiate between free Mn++ and Mn++ in complexes in various preparations. The presence of calcium and magnesium in physiological concentrations in aqueous solutions induced the release of Mn++ from the complex, as did incubation of the complex in liver homogenates. After intravenous injection of 15 mumol/kg of Mn-DPDP, both EPR and 31P-NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that Mn-DPDP is partly dissociated (approximately 25%) in the liver. By comparing in vitro and ex vivo data from the liver, we concluded that the dissociation of Mn-DPDP occurs primarily in the liver, whereas a minor portion of the dissociated. Mn found in the liver comes from dissociation of the complex in the blood. Most of the dissociated Mn in liver becomes bound to macromolecules and is responsible for the enhancement of relaxivity observed with this agent.

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Significance of Serum Calcium, Inorganic Phosphates and Alkaline Phosphatase in Experimental Manganese Toxicity

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Early Biochemical Alterations in Manganese Toxicity: Ameliorating Effects of Magnesium Nitrate and Vitamins

Early Biochemical Alterations in Manganese Toxicity: Ameliorating Effects of Magnesium Nitrate and Vitamins

Epidemiological survey among workers exposed to manganese: Effects on lung, central nervous system, and some biological indices

Evidence for the dissociation of the hepatobiliary MRI contrast agent Mn‐DPDP

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