Significance of the N‐6/N‐3 Ratio for Insulin Action in Diabetes

Raheja, Bihari S; Sadikot, S.M.; Phatak, Raghunath B; Rao, Madhubala B.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35715.x

Cited by 73 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There are a number of ways in which nutrition can affect cytokine responses which are of relevance to Type II diabetes, for example, the effect of dietary fat on cytokine production [58]. Synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes is suppressed by n-3 fatty acid supplementation (fish oil) in normal volunteers [59]; this supports the theory that a diet rich in n-6 and deficient in n-3 essential fatty acids is a major risk factor for diabetes and atherosclerosis [60].…”

Section: The Acute-phase Response and Diabetic Complicationssupporting

confidence: 61%

Is Type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system?

1998

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The cause of the common type of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, which affects at least 100 million people throughout the world, is not known. One of the foremost challenges we face is to account mechanistically for not only the defining hyperglycaemia but also for the myriad of other biochemical and physiological abnormalities which are characteristic of this disease. For example, it is now clear that Type II diabetes and lesser degrees of glucose intolerance commonly occur together with a collection of clinical and biochemical features which have been called metabolic syndrome X [1, 2].These features include central obesity, hypertension, accelerated atherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridaemia and low serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Though insulin resistance seems to be a central abnormality, the origin of the impaired insulin action and how it explains the many other abnormalities of Type II diabetes is not known.In recent years, we have been gathering evidence that in Type II diabetes there is a cytokine-associated acute-phase reaction, part of the innate immune response. As an alternative direction for research into the aetiology of Type II diabetes, we propose that it may be helpful to consider whether the mechanisms involved in the acute-phase response can be major contributors to the pathophysiology of many of the features of Type II diabetes and syndrome X, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, impair- Diabetologia (1998) Summary Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with increased blood concentrations of markers of the acute-phase response, including sialic acid, a-1 acid glycoprotein, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein and cortisol, and the main cytokine mediator of the response, interleukin-6. The dyslipidaemia common in Type II diabetes (hypertriglyceridaemia and low serum levels of HDL cholesterol) is also a feature of natural and experimental acutephase reactions. We review evidence that a long-term cytokine-mediated acute-phase reaction occurs in Type II diabetes and is part of a wide-ranging innate immune response. Through the action of cytokines on the brain, liver, endothelium, adipose tissue and elsewhere, this process could be a major contributor to the biochemical and clinical features of metabolic syndrome X (glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, central obesity, accelerated atherosclerosis) but also provides a mechanism for many other abnormalities seen in Type II diabetes, including those in blood clotting, the reproductive system, metal ion metabolism, psychological behaviour and capillary permeability. In the short-term, the innate immune system restores homeostasis after environmental threats; we suggest that in Type II diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance long-term lifestyle and environmental stimulants, probably in those with an innately hypersensitive acute-phase response, produce disease instead of repair. [Diabetologia (1998

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Section: The Acute-phase Response and Diabetic Complicationssupporting

confidence: 61%

Is Type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system?

1998

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“…Such ratios are in contrast with the recommended ratio of 4:1, which is based on estimates from traditional diets (34). The ratio of nҀ6 to nҀ3 fatty acids may contribute to insulin resistance (17,35) and a range of other health conditions (36). It may be important that existing recommendations to limit SFA (37) intake do not lead to adverse effects of nҀ6 fatty acid consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids as predictors of type 2 diabetes: interpreting the role of linoleic acid

Hodge

English

O’Dea

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

259

216

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Background: Dietary fatty acids may be associated with diabetes but are difficult to measure accurately. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations of fatty acids in plasma and diet with diabetes incidence. Design: This was a prospective case-cohort study of 3737 adults aged 36 -72 y. Fatty acid intake (/kJ) and plasma phospholipid fatty acids (%) were measured at baseline, and diabetes incidence was assessed by self-report 4 y later. Logistic regression excluding (model 1) and including (model 2) body mass index and waist-hip ratio was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids. (1.00, 2.14), P for trend ҃ 0.030] acids were positively associated with diabetes incidence before adjustment for body size. Within each quintile of linoleic acid intake, cases had lower baseline plasma phospholipid linoleic acid proportions than did controls. Conclusions: Dietary saturated fat intake is inversely associated with diabetes risk. More research is required to determine whether linoleic acid is an appropriate dietary substitute. 2007;86:189 -97. Am J Clin Nutr

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“…Hoy se sabe además juegan un rol importante en la prevención y manejo de afecciones coronarias (Burr et al, 1989;De Logerli et al, 1994;1996); juegan un rol esencial en el desarrollo del cerebro en la niñez (Ruxton et al, 2005), hipertensión (Appel et al, 1953;Morris et al, 1994), diabetes tipo 2 (Connor et al,1993;Raheja et al, 1993), enfermedad renal, (De Caterina et al, 1993;Donadio et al, 1994), artritis reumatoidea (Kremer, 1996), colitis ulcerativa (Stenson et al, 1992), enfermedad de Crohn (Belluzzi et al, 1996) y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (Shahar et al, 1994).…”

Section: I2 áCidos Grasos N-3unclassified

“…la tasa de muerte por enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó (Weber, 1989), así como también se incrementó la prevalencia de diabetes tipo 2 (Raheja et al, 1993).…”

Section: I22 Elongación Y Desaturación De áCidos Grasos N-3 Y N-6unclassified

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Estabilidad oxidativa y calidad sensorial de carne de pollo enriquecida con acidos grasos n-3 proveniente de fuentes de origen vegetal y animal, protegida con vitamina E y selenio orgánico.

Gallinger¹

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Significance of the N‐6/N‐3 Ratio for Insulin Action in Diabetes

Abstract: This report supplies supportive data for the hypothesis that a high n-6/n-3 dietary fat ratio is a potent, negative variable in NIDDM. Further work is necessary to critically evaluate this hypothesis.

Cited by 73 publications

References 38 publications

Is Type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system?

Is Type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system?

Plasma phospholipid and dietary fatty acids as predictors of type 2 diabetes: interpreting the role of linoleic acid

Estabilidad oxidativa y calidad sensorial de carne de pollo enriquecida con acidos grasos n-3 proveniente de fuentes de origen vegetal y animal, protegida con vitamina E y selenio orgánico.

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