Significant cross reactive antibodies to influenza virus in adults and children during a period of marked antigenic drift

Mandelboim, Michal; Bromberg, Michal; Sherbany, Hilda; Zucker, Inbar; Yaary, Karnit; Bassal, Ravit; Dichtiar, Rita; Cohen, Dani; Shohat, Tamar; Mendelson, Ella; Green, Manfred S.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-346

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…He et al ., observed that repeated immunization with inactivated A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine resulted in reduced vaccine-specific and cross-reactive plasma-blast derived antibody responses 37 . As a corollary to these studies cross reactive H3N2 antibodies have been described in sera collected just after periods of marked antigenic drift 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains

Plant

Fredell

Hatcher³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Seasonal influenza vaccine formulas change almost every year yet information about how this affects the antibody repertoire of vaccine recipients is inadequate. New vaccine virus strains are selected, replacing older strains to better match the currently circulating strains. But even while the vaccine is being manufactured the circulating strains can evolve. The ideal response to a seasonal vaccine would maintain antibodies toward existing strains that might continue to circulate, and to generate crossreactive antibodies, particularly towards conserved influenza epitopes, potentially limiting infections caused by newly evolving strains. Here we use the hemagglutination inhibition assay to analyze the antibody repertoire in subjects vaccinated two years in a row with either identical vaccine virus strains or with differing vaccine virus strains. The data indicates that changing the vaccine formulation results in an antibody repertoire that is better able to react with strains emerging after the vaccine virus strains are selected. The effect is observed for both influenza A and B strains in groups of subjects vaccinated in three different seasons. Analyses include stratification by age and sex.Influenza causes widespread seasonal disease and vaccination has been shown to reduce illness among the population [1][2][3][4] . Several studies have demonstrated that vaccination confers protection against virologically confirmed influenza 5 . However, understanding vaccination effectiveness is complicated because a large portion of the population is asymptomatically infected 6 . The circulating strains evolve from season to season leading to changes in vaccine formulation which further complicates comparisons between seasons.Vaccine effectiveness can be measured by controlled clinical trials but comparisons between trials is complicated by factors such as the prevalence of the circulating virus and the closeness of virus match each season 7 . Observational studies, used in places where universal vaccination recommendations make it unethical to perform trials with placebos, are an increasingly common way of measuring vaccine effectiveness among the general population. Test-negative studies are a widely used method but the estimates for vaccine effectiveness vary widely depending on the study design and often have overlapping confidence intervals [8][9][10] . Correlates of protection, such as the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, are widely used to assess vaccine efficacy. HI titers are associated with reduced risk of disease but there is significant variation in the protective titer depending on factors such as the age of the recipient and the severity of the influenza season [11][12][13] . It has also been reported that factors not detected in HI assays are associated with reduced risk of infection 14,15 .Changes in the annual vaccine formulation are compelled by the antigenic drift associated with seasonal influenza viruses. Despite the best efforts of a group of experts in selecting the candidate vaccine virus (CV...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains

Plant

Fredell

Hatcher³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We did not assess subjects for pre-existing immunity to other influenza strains, including those that had been employed in influenza vaccination in previous years for logistical reasons. However, prior exposure may well have influenced the outcome of vaccination, since cross-reactivity between influenza viruses is well documented ( 55 ) and pre-existing immunity to flavivirus has been demonstrated to influence the response to yellow fever vaccination ( 56 ). Future work characterizing in detail the influence of both pre-existing immunosenescence and pre-existing immunity on vaccination outcome is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in the Natural Killer Cell Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Are Not Influenced by a Synbiotic: a Randomised Controlled Trial

et al. 2018

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Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the immune response to influenza infection, but are subject to alteration during aging, which may play a role in impaired response to infection and vaccination in older people. Enhancement of NK cell activity could, therefore, present a means to improve the immune response to vaccination in older subjects, and pre- and probiotics offer an opportunity to modulate antiviral defenses via alteration of the gut microbiota. This study investigated the effect of a novel probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis CCUG 52486, combined with a prebiotic, gluco-oligosaccharide (B. longum + Gl-OS), on the NK cell response to seasonal influenza vaccination in young and older subjects in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. There were significant effects of aging on NK cell phenotype, the most notable of which were an increase in CD56dim cells, mainly reflected in the CD16+ subset, a decrease in CD56bright cells, mainly reflected in the CD16− subset, and greater expression of the immunosenescence marker, CD57, on NK cell subsets. However, these changes only partially translated to differences in NK cell activity, observed as trends toward reduced NK cell activity in older subjects when analyzed on a per cell basis. Influenza vaccination increased the proportion of CD56bright cells and decreased the proportion of CD56dim cells, in young, but not older subjects. Although NK cell activity in response to vaccination was not significantly different between the young and older subjects, low post-vaccination NK cell activity was associated with poor seroconversion in only the older subjects. There was no influence of the synbiotic on NK cell phenotype or activity, either before or after influenza vaccination. In conclusion, aging is associated with marked alteration of the phenotype of the NK cell population and there was evidence of an impaired NK cell response to influenza vaccination in older subjects. The effects of aging on NK cell phenotype and activity could not be offset by B. longum + Gl-OS.Clinical Trial Registration, identifier NCT01066377.

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“…This is consistent with our observation that antibodies present in the sera of vaccinated individuals were significantly less efficient in neutralizing the Israeli influenza A(H3N2) infection. We previously reported that naturally occurring antibodies cross react with several influenza viruses [ 13 ]. Some antibody cross-reactivity was found between the Israeli influenza A(H3N2) virus and the A/Texas/50/2012 virus, however it may have been insufficient in modifying the course of infection with the circulating novel influenza A(H3N2) in Israel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ineffectiveness of the 2014-2015 H3N2 influenza vaccine

et al. 2015

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The seasonal influenza vaccine is currently the most effective preventive modality against influenza infection. Nasopharyngeal samples of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients presenting with Influenza-like-illness (ILI) were collected from over 20 outpatient clinics located in different geographic parts of Israel and were tested for the presence of influenza viruses (influenza A and influenza B). Here we show, that in the 2014-2015 season, the vaccine that included the A/Texas/50/2012 H3N2 virus was ineffective. Significant numbers of individuals vaccinated with the 2014-2015 vaccine, of all ages, were infected with influenza A (H3N2), manifesting similar symptoms as the non-vaccinated group. We further demonstrate that the Israeli circulating influenza A(H3N2) virus was different than that included in the 2014-2015 northern hemisphere vaccine, and that antibodies elicited by this vaccine were significantly less efficient in neutralizing influenza A(H3N2) infection.

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Significant cross reactive antibodies to influenza virus in adults and children during a period of marked antigenic drift

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains

Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains

Age-Related Changes in the Natural Killer Cell Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Are Not Influenced by a Synbiotic: a Randomised Controlled Trial

Ineffectiveness of the 2014-2015 H3N2 influenza vaccine

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