Significant effects of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) additive on redox responses of poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene) cathode for rechargeable Li batteries
“…Compared with discharge capacities of 70 and 188 mAh g −1 for pure PEDOT and pure PDBM, respectively, this is an extremely good result. In addition, the PEDOT/PDBM electrode with a 1:2 weight ratio exhibited an excellent energy density of 140 mAh g −1 (406 Wh g −1 ) at a discharge current density of 0.0125 mA cm −2 (0.05 C) . Figure b shows the charge–discharge efficiency of PEDOT/PDBM cathode composites at the three weight ratios of a) 1:2, b) 1:1, and c) 2:1, respectively.…”
Section: Polythiophene and Its Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…b) Capacity change of test cells with (1) CB/PDBM (1/1), (2) PEDOT/PDBM (1/2), (3) PEDOT/PDBM (1/1), and (4) PEDOT/PDBM (2/1) cathodes by the charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 0.050 mA cm −2 . Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2008, Elsevier.…”
Section: Polythiophene and Its Derivativesmentioning
Newly developed charge storage and charge transport materials, such as organic polymers, demonstrate promise for applications in secondary batteries. Currently, such organic materials are regarded as promising candidates as substitutes for traditional metal materials for energy storage equipment because of advantages such as structural diversity, abundance, and environmental friendliness. The structural characteristics, electrochemical reaction mechanism, and properties of polymer electrode materials are comprehensively introduced. In addition, recent progress on implementing polymer‐based materials in lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries, as well as problems associated with the development of polymer electrodes, are discussed.
“…Compared with discharge capacities of 70 and 188 mAh g −1 for pure PEDOT and pure PDBM, respectively, this is an extremely good result. In addition, the PEDOT/PDBM electrode with a 1:2 weight ratio exhibited an excellent energy density of 140 mAh g −1 (406 Wh g −1 ) at a discharge current density of 0.0125 mA cm −2 (0.05 C) . Figure b shows the charge–discharge efficiency of PEDOT/PDBM cathode composites at the three weight ratios of a) 1:2, b) 1:1, and c) 2:1, respectively.…”
Section: Polythiophene and Its Derivativesmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…b) Capacity change of test cells with (1) CB/PDBM (1/1), (2) PEDOT/PDBM (1/2), (3) PEDOT/PDBM (1/1), and (4) PEDOT/PDBM (2/1) cathodes by the charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 0.050 mA cm −2 . Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2008, Elsevier.…”
Section: Polythiophene and Its Derivativesmentioning
Newly developed charge storage and charge transport materials, such as organic polymers, demonstrate promise for applications in secondary batteries. Currently, such organic materials are regarded as promising candidates as substitutes for traditional metal materials for energy storage equipment because of advantages such as structural diversity, abundance, and environmental friendliness. The structural characteristics, electrochemical reaction mechanism, and properties of polymer electrode materials are comprehensively introduced. In addition, recent progress on implementing polymer‐based materials in lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries, as well as problems associated with the development of polymer electrodes, are discussed.
“…[30] Two derivatives of 8-1, poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene) (PDBM, [128] and lithiated 1,4,5,8-naphalenetetraol formaldehyde polymer (LNFP, the concrete structure was not given), [122] have also been assessed as electrode materials for LIBs, and some progress has been made in their cycling stability. [30] Two derivatives of 8-1, poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene) (PDBM, [128] and lithiated 1,4,5,8-naphalenetetraol formaldehyde polymer (LNFP, the concrete structure was not given), [122] have also been assessed as electrode materials for LIBs, and some progress has been made in their cycling stability.…”
Section: Stability-orientedmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As early as 1986, Foos et al attempted to use polymeric quinone (PQ, molecule 8-1) as a cathode for lithium batteries, but the practical capacity, as well as the cycling performance, was frustrated, presumably due to the poor conductivity and unoptimized electrode construction. [30] Two derivatives of 8-1, poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone-3,6-methylene) (PDBM, 8-2) [128] and lithiated 1,4,5,8-naphalenetetraol formaldehyde polymer (LNFP, the concrete structure was not given), [122] have also been assessed as electrode materials for LIBs, and some progress has been made in their cycling stability. However, it is unfortunate that both polymers still show limited reversible capacities (less than 150 mAh g -1 ).…”
Organic carbonyl electrode materials that have the advantages of high capacity, low cost and being environmentally friendly, are regarded as powerful candidates for next-generation stationary and redox flow rechargeable batteries (RFBs). However, low carbonyl utilization, poor electronic conductivity and undesired dissolution in electrolyte are urgent issues to be solved. Here, we summarize a molecular engineering approach for tuning the capacity, working potential, concentration of active species, kinetics, and stability of stationary and redox flow batteries, which well resolves the problems of organic carbonyl electrode materials. As an example, in stationary batteries, 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) with two carbonyls delivers a capacity of 257 mAh g (2.27 V vs Li /Li), while increasing the number of carbonyls to four with the formation of 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone results in a higher capacity of 317 mAh g (2.60 V vs Li /Li). In RFBs, AQ, which is less soluble in aqueous electrolyte, reaches 1 M by grafting -SO H with the formation of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid, resulting in a power density exceeding 0.6 W cm with long cycling life. Therefore, through regulating substituent groups, conjugated structures, Coulomb interactions, and the molecular weight, the electrochemical performance of carbonyl electrode materials can be rationally optimized. This review offers fundamental principles and insight into designing advanced carbonyl materials for the electrodes of next-generation rechargeable batteries.
“…Up to now, there have been only a few reports on BQ‐ and NQ‐bearing polymers (Scheme a). For BQ‐bearing polymers, such as 1 and 2 , owing to the polymerization methods, hydroxyl groups and metal phenolate salts are often introduced simultaneously. These electron‐donating groups greatly decrease their voltages to approximately 2.0 V, and thus reduce the energy density.…”
Scheme1.a) Molecular structures of BQ-andNQ-bearingp olymers reported previously.S ynthetic routes to b) DMND and poly(DMND), c) NBE-BQ and poly-(NBE-BQ), and d) NBE-NQ and poly(NBE-NQ). G3 representsG rubbst hird-generation catalyst.
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