Significant function and research progress of biomarkers in gastric cancer (Review)

Abstract

Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumor types, and the incidence and mortality rates are higher in men compared with women. Various studies have revealed that gastric cancer is a spectrum of tumor types, which have biological and genetic diversity. It has proven to be difficult to improve the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with gastric cancer through the use of traditional surgery and chemoradiation, as gastric cancer is usually identified at an advanced stage. In consequence, the outcome is frequently poor. Thus, novel biomarkers and anticancer targets are required to improve the outcome. As the identification of biomarkers has increased due to advances in research and the greater availability of bioinformatics and functional genomics, the potential therapeutic regimens available have also increased concurrently. These advances have also improved the ability to predict responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, whilst other biomarkers predict post-treatment survival and recurrence based on their expression. This review focuses closely on the important functions of biomarkers in the timely diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, in addition to the advances in the study of certain novel markers in gastric cancer.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Circ_002117 binds to microRNA-370 and promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer

“…Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-related death on a global scale [ 1 ]. Due to the nature of gastric cancer, diagnosis is often made late in the disease course, such that many patients miss the best time for treatment [ 2 ]. Due to the usually late diagnosis, lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis are the leading causes of death of gastric cancer patients [ 3 ].…”

Prediction of gastric cancer risk: association between ZBTB20 genetic variance and gastric cancer risk in Chinese Han population

“…In the correlation analysis between clinical indicators and gastric cancer risk, we also found that the ZBTB20 polymorphic site rs9841504 and platelet showed a certain significant correlation ( P =0.048). Platelet involves in cancer growth and metastasis is a long-term concept [ 41 ], and studies have shown that the ratio of platelet to lymphocyte and CA242 may be convenient biomarkers for gastric cancer prognosis [ 42 , 43 ]. Therefore, our results suggested that rs9841504 may play a certain role in the influence of platelets on the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.…”

Anticancer Activities of Ginsenosides, the Main Active Components of Ginseng

“…Gastric cancer is globally ranked third among the causes of cancer-related death, and the majority of cases are discovered at the late stage, with almost half of the recorded cases from East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and South Korea [ 99 , 100 ]. A report showed that PPD including 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol (25-OH-PPD) and 25-methoxylprotopanaxadiol (25-OCH3-PPD) had potent anti-tumor properties, such as cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in gastric cancer cells lines [ 101 ].…”