Significant impact of cachexia index on the outcomes after hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in Japan, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. 1,2 Overall, 20%-25% of these patients show liver metastases at the time of discovery, and 40%-50% develop colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after primary lesion resection. 3 Hepatic resection is the only treatment that offers the possibility of prolonging life, with a 5-y survival rate of 33%-50%. 4,5 For improving prognosis, prognostic factors after hepatectomy for CRLM are important. Beppu et al reported prognostic prediction using six preoperative factors: synchronous metastases, primary lymph node positive, tumor number, tumor size, extrahepatic metastatic disease at hepatectomy, and preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level. 6 Recent reports suggest that nutritional factors, independent of tumor staging, such as the neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), prognostic nutrient index (PNI), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) predict cancer-specific survival in various cancers, including CRLM.

Usefulness of the cachexia index as a prognostic indicator for patients with gastric cancer

“…The CXI was calculated as follows: SMI × serum albumin level (g/dL) / NLR 5,6 . In this equation, based on a previously described method, to calculate the SMI we used the minor and major diameters of the right iliopsoas muscle of the L3 vertebra level, which were measured using preoperative CT 6 . The SMI was calculated as follows: iliopsoas minor axis (cm) × major axis (cm) × / height squared (cm 2 / m 2 ) 9,10 .…”

“…The CXI is composed of parameters such as the skeletal muscle index (SMI), serum albumin level, and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Further, the CXI has been reported to be able to predict the prognosis for several malignancies 5,6 . However, the utility of the CXI as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients has not been reported.…”

“…Further, the CXI has been reported to be able to predict the prognosis for several malignancies. 5,6 However, the utility of the CXI as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients has not been reported. Therefore, we here investigated the prognostic value of the CXI in gastric cancer patients.…”

The significance of osteosarcopenia as a predictor of the long‐term outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatic resection

“…As previously described, 23 we simply measured the lengths of the major and minor axes of the psoas muscle at the caudal end of the third lumbar vertebra and calculated the area of the psoas muscle. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated as the psoas muscle area divided by height in meters squared 24 . The SMI cutoff value was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to the survival status at the 5‐year follow‐up.…”

“…Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated as the psoas muscle area divided by height in meters squared. 24 The SMI cutoff value was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to the survival status at the 5-year follow-up. The cutoff levels were set as 11.0 cm 2 /m 2 for men and 7.4 cm 2 /m 2 for women, respectively.…”