Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women

Fujiwara, Naofumi; Tsuruda, Keiko; Iwamoto, Yumiko; Kato, Fuminori; Odaki, Teruko; Yamane, Nobuko; Hori, Yuriko; Harashima, Yuka; Sakoda, Ayako; Tagaya, Akira; Komatsuzawa, Hitoshi; Sugai, Motoyuki; Noguchi, Mayumi

doi:10.1111/jicd.12189

Cited by 106 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, the test subjects did not present any other risk factors that could adjust the composition of the microbial flora, such as pregnancy or smoking [9, 15, 30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of intraoral biofilm reduction on silver-coated and silver ion-implanted stainless steel bracket material

et al. 2018

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PurposeThe objective of this in situ study was to quantify the intraoral biofilm reduction on bracket material as a result of different surface modifications using silver ions. In addition to galvanic silver coating and physical vapor deposition (PVD), the plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) procedure was investigated for the first time within an orthodontic application.Materials and methodsAn occlusal splint equipped with differently silver-modified test specimens based on stainless steel bracket material was prepared for a total of 12 periodontally healthy patients and was worn in the mouth for 48 h. The initially formed biofilm was fluorescently stained and a quantitative comparative analysis of biofilm volume, biofilm surface coverage and live/dead distribution of bacteria was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).ResultsCompared to untreated stainless steel bracket material, the antibacterial effect of the PIIID silver-modified surface was just as significant with regard to reducing the biofilm volume and the surface coverage as the galvanically applied silver layer and the PVD silver coating. Regarding the live/dead distribution, however, the PIIID modification was the only surface that showed a significant increase in the proportion of dead cells compared to untreated bracket material and the galvanic coating.ConclusionsOrthodontic stainless steel with a silver-modified surface by PIIID procedure showed an effective reduction in the intraoral biofilm formation compared to untreated bracket material, in a similar manner to PVD and galvanic silver coatings applied to the surface. Additionally, the PIIID silver-modified surface has an increased bactericidal effect.

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“…In addition, the test subjects did not present any other risk factors that could adjust the composition of the microbial flora, such as pregnancy or smoking [9, 15, 30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of intraoral biofilm reduction on silver-coated and silver ion-implanted stainless steel bracket material

et al. 2018

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“…The total cultivable microbial count, prevalence of Candida species and Staphylococcus aureus, and the proportion of counts of Candida species and S. aureus to the total cultivable microbial count were used for analysis of association of microbiota with the outcome. The methods of culture and PCR are described in Fujiwara et al [12]. For count n, log(n + 1) was used in data analyses.…”

Section: Microbial Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Program on Prevention of Periodontal Disease in Japanese Pregnant Women

Noguchi¹,

Tagaya²,

Sakoda³

et al. 2016

OJN

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The prevalence of periodontal disease among pregnant women increases with gestational age. Therefore, oral health education in the early stage of pregnancy should prevent periodontal disease and decrease the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome such as preterm delivery and low birth weight. However, there has been no study on oral health care intervention for prevention of periodontal disease during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of an oral health education program on periodontal disease among Japanese low-risk pregnant women. A total of 207 pregnant women before 20 weeks of gestation were recruited. The first 131 of them were assigned to the control group and the remaining 76 to the experimental group. The experiment participants received an oral health education program including the toothpick brushing method in their early stage of pregnancy. Improvement of the self-assessment score of periodontal symptoms was used as a binary outcome variable. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the intervention (OR = 3.83) and proficiency of the toothpick brushing method (OR = 24.93) were statistically significant predictors of the outcome in the late stage of pregnancy. The positive outcome appeared after practice of the toothpick method brushing for 20 or more weeks, and was associated with the decrease in the log-transformed proportion of the count of Candida species in salivary microbiota (p = 0.026). M. Noguchi et al. 283

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“…This was eloquently demonstrated in a recent study by Zheng et al [12] where the group found that long sea voyage sailors had reduced oral microbial diversity. Similarly, a study on the oral microbiota in early pregnant women revealed that the oral microbial counts were significantly higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women [49]. These changes are attributed to their poor immune and general health status, suggesting the existence of a haemostasis between the oral bacterial diversity and human health.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human diseases, immunity and the oral microbiota—Insights gained from metagenomic studies

Idris

Hasnain

et al. 2016

Oral Science International

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The immune system consists of a complex but organised myriad of cell types that continually maintain and survey their resident environment. It is this balanced homeostatic relationship between the cells of the immune system and its surrounding environment that shapes the microbial flora. In the oral cavity, the immune system not only has to harmonise with the ecology of commensal bacteria, fungi and viruses but also should be able to defend against pathogenic microbes. In fact, the oral microbiota is altered in situations when the immune system is dysregulated. There are a number of human diseases or conditions that perturb the balance of the host immune system and have an effect on the host oral microbiota. If this balance is disturbed, the symbiotic relationship will shift to allow the colonisation or overgrowth of potentially pathogenic species, inducing a pathogenic process that leads to various disease symptoms. The dynamics balance between the immune status and the oral microbial community of an individual has remained understudied till recently. Advances in metagenomics allow detailed investigations into oral microbial population and the possible diversity. This concise review summarises the current findings using metagenomic approaches for studying oral microbial flora diversity.

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Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women

Abstract: The data suggest that pregnancy, especially in the early periods, promotes the proliferation of microorganisms in the oral cavity and facilitates a colonization of periodontal pathogens.

Cited by 106 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison of intraoral biofilm reduction on silver-coated and silver ion-implanted stainless steel bracket material

Comparison of intraoral biofilm reduction on silver-coated and silver ion-implanted stainless steel bracket material

Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Program on Prevention of Periodontal Disease in Japanese Pregnant Women

Human diseases, immunity and the oral microbiota—Insights gained from metagenomic studies

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