Significant strengthening of a lithium disilicate glass by Li+/Na+ exchange at substantially lowered temperature

Li, X.C.; Li, Dong; Meng, Ming; Wei, Ran; Lin, He; Zhang, S.F.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.07.300

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…3(d)]. The asymmetric central peaks in 7 Li NMR spectra confirmed that two types of Li species exist in both powders. 32) Considering that Li + ions are incorporated into the [SiO 4 ] network in the form of -Si-O ¹ (Li + ) during the sol-gel process, 18), 19) another Li species was attributed to the reprecipitation of lithium salts within the residual pores and on the surface of both powders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Network connectivity The central peaks of both 7 Li spectra were asymmetric, and the central peak was narrower for pre-heat treated gel-derived LD powders prepared with HCl additives [Fig. 3(d)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32) Considering that Li + ions are incorporated into the [SiO 4 ] network in the form of -Si-O ¹ (Li + ) during the sol-gel process, 18), 19) another Li species was attributed to the reprecipitation of lithium salts within the residual pores and on the surface of both powders. 20) Additionally, the narrower central peak in 7 Li spectrum further suggests that fewer Li + ions are incorporated into the [SiO 4 ] network, and more lithium salts exist in the residual pores and surface of pre-heat treated gel-derived LD powders prepared with HCl additives. 20),33) Considering that as silicate network modifiers, Li + ions can break bridging oxygens, 33) 7…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26),27) [SiO 4 ] network and chemical environment of Li + ions for pre-heat treated gel-derived LD powders were analyzed by solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR; AVANCE III 600 WB, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany) spectroscopy. 29 Si MAS NMR spectra were acquired at 119.25875 MHz (14.0989 T) using single-pulse excitation with 500 scans, ³/2 pulse width of 4.5 ¯s, and relaxation delay of 240 s. 7 Li MAS NMR spectra were recorded at 233.2916 MHz (14.0989 T) using single-pulse excitation by ³/2 pulse width of 1.6 ¯s, relaxation delays of 5 s and 32 scans. Samples were spun at the magic angle at a rate of 12 kHz using 4 mm zirconia rotors, and chemical shifts were externally referenced to tetramethylsilane and LiCl.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization behavior, chemical microstructure and surface morphology of a little HCl assisted lithium disilicate powders prepared by sol–gel method

Lyu,

Seo,

Park

et al. 2024

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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The effects of HCl additives (HCl/Si molar ratio = 0.1) on the crystallization behavior, chemical microstructure, and surface morphology of gel-derived lithium disilicate (Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , LD) powders were investigated using sol-gel and heat treatment processes. With HCl additives, the lithium metasilicate (Li 2 SiO 3 , LM) phase preferentially crystallized even at 200 °C for post-heat treated gel-derived LD powders. Moreover, several Li + ions might not be attached to the [SiO 4 ] network but could be located in the residual pores and surfaces in the form of Li(H 2 O) n + ions for pre-heat treated gel-derived LD powders. Meanwhile, Cl ¹ ions could occupy residual pores and surfaces, and be located in the [SiO 4 ] network by forming Si-Cl bonds. In contrast, without HCl additives, only simultaneous crystallization of LM and LD phases appeared at 600 °C. Correspondingly, fewer Li(H 2 O) n + ions were estimated to be located in the residual pores and surfaces, and more Li + ions were located in the [SiO 4 ] network. With HCl additives, the surface morphology of pre-heat treated gel-derived LD powders was characterized by larger particles and smaller voids, in contrast to those without HCl additives, which comprised smaller particles and larger voids. The unique crystallization behavior might be caused by the interactions that occurred between Li(H 2 O) n + ions and Si-OH groups, as well as Cl ¹ ions and Si-Cl bonds in the chemical microstructure of pre-heat treated gel-derived LD powders. These results indicate that HCl additives could effectively modify crystallization behaviors, chemical microstructure, and surface morphologies of gel-derived LD powders, by reacting with LiOH•H 2 O precursors during the sol-gel process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization behavior, chemical microstructure and surface morphology of a little HCl assisted lithium disilicate powders prepared by sol–gel method

Lyu,

Seo,

Park

et al. 2024

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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“…Ion exchange, as an effective method to improve flexural strength of materials by using a larger radius ion (i.e., K + ) in molten salt to exchange a smaller radius ion (i.e., Na + ) on the surface of the material to produce a "stuffing effect," has been developed very maturely for the reinforcement of glass, dental ceramics, and glass ceramics. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The flexural strength of tempered glass enhanced by ion exchange is significantly higher than that of glass without ion exchange, [9][10][11] and the strength of dental ceramics after ion exchange is higher than that of glazed and polished ones. [12][13][14][15] In the ion exchange process, the mechanical properties of the materials are affected by their components, treatment temperature, time, and the composition of molten salt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface strengthening of building tiles by ion exchange with adding molten salt of KOH

et al. 2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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The surface strengthening by ion exchange technology was used to improve the strength of thin building tiles. The effects of exchange time, exchange temperature, and content of KOH additive on strengthening of building tiles were investigated by analyzing the flexural strength and distribution of K+ in the samples. The results showed that the addition of .3 mol% KOH to the molten salt of industrial KNO3 at 450°C for 5 h resulted in a maximum flexural strength of 86.53 MPa, which was 50.3% higher than that of the sample without ion exchange and 8.9% higher than without KOH addition. After ion exchange, the concentration of K+ ion in cross‐section of the sample decreased with increasing distance from the sample surface, and the diffusion coefficient changed with the change of the content of KOH additive in the molten salt, increasing the diffusion coefficient of K+ ion from .93 × 10−15 to 1.8 × 10–15 m2/s by adding .3 mol% KOH.

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Investigation of the Structure and Influence of Ion-Exchange on the Microhardness of Low-Alkali, Transparent, Gahnite-Based Glass-Ceramics

Shakhgil’dyan,

Alekseev,

Naumov

et al. 2023

Glass Ceram

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Significant strengthening of a lithium disilicate glass by Li+/Na+ exchange at substantially lowered temperature

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Crystallization behavior, chemical microstructure and surface morphology of a little HCl assisted lithium disilicate powders prepared by sol–gel method

Crystallization behavior, chemical microstructure and surface morphology of a little HCl assisted lithium disilicate powders prepared by sol–gel method

Surface strengthening of building tiles by ion exchange with adding molten salt of KOH

Investigation of the Structure and Influence of Ion-Exchange on the Microhardness of Low-Alkali, Transparent, Gahnite-Based Glass-Ceramics

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