Significantly greater triglyceridemia in Black African compared to White European men following high added fructose and glucose feeding: a randomized crossover trial

Goff, Louise; Whyte, Martin; Samuel, Miriam; Harding, Scott

doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0315-3

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our results may differ as this is one of the few studies to exclusively comprise adult men rather than children/adolescents 18,19,37,38,40 or all-female cohorts. 39,[41][42][43][44][45] Two other adult nondiabetic all-male studies have examined ethnic differences in insulin responses 46,47 ; neither found increased insulin secretion in subjects of African ancestry compared with white subjects, consistent with our findings. It is worth considering that the paucity of male participants in this area of the literature may have led to an overestimation of ethnic differences in insulin secretory response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes

Ladwa

Bello

Hakim

et al. 2020

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim To investigate relationships between insulin clearance, insulin secretion, hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in black African (BA) and white European (WE) men. Methods Twenty‐three BA and twenty‐three WE men with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and body mass index, underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp to measure insulin secretion and clearance, hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp with stable glucose isotope infusion to measure whole‐body and hepatic‐specific insulin sensitivity, and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify intrahepatic lipid (IHL). Results BA men had higher glucose‐stimulated peripheral insulin levels (48.1 [35.5, 65.2] × 103 vs. 29.9 [23.3, 38.4] × 103 pmol L−1 × min, P = .017) and lower endogeneous insulin clearance (771.6 [227.8] vs. 1381 [534.3] mL m−2 body surface area min −1, P < .001) compared with WE men. There were no ethnic differences in beta‐cell insulin secretion or beta‐cell responsivity to glucose, even after adjustment for prevailing insulin sensitivity. In WE men, endogenous insulin clearance was correlated with whole‐body insulin sensitivity (r = 0.691, P = .001) and inversely correlated with IHL (r = −0.674, P = .001). These associations were not found in BA men. Conclusions While normally glucose‐tolerant BA men have similar insulin secretory responses to their WE counterparts, they have markedly lower insulin clearance, which does not appear to be explained by either insulin resistance or hepatic fat accumulation. Low insulin clearance may be the primary mechanism of hyperinsulinaemia in populations of African origin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes

Ladwa

Bello

Hakim

et al. 2020

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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“…In fact, decreased lipid clearance can be caused by sucrose (Grant, Marais, & Dhansay, ) and fructose (Jeppesen et al, ). Increased circulating TG with fructose in the diet was also seen in human males (Bantle et al, ; Goff, Whyte, Samuel, & Harding, ), but not in females (Bantle et al, ). Moreover, as in our study, no differential effects on hepatic TG levels were seen in humans with 25 energy percent from glucose or from fructose, neither with isocaloric feeding nor hypocaloric feeding (Johnston et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Metabolic effects of the dietary monosaccharides fructose, fructose–glucose, or glucose in mice fed a starch‐containing moderate high–fat diet

et al. 2020

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Fructose consumption has been linked to obesity and increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Excessive caloric intake often confounds the results of fructose studies, and experimental diets are generally low‐fat diets, not representative for westernized diets. Here, we compared the effects of dietary fructose with those of dietary glucose, in adult male and female mice on a starch‐containing moderate high–fat (HF) diet. After 5 weeks fattening on a HF high‐glucose (HF‐G) diet, mice were stratified per sex and assigned to one of the three intervention diets for 6 weeks: HF high fructose (HF‐F), HF with equimolar glucose and fructose (HF‐GF), or HF‐G. Bodyweight (BW) and food intake were measured weekly. Indirect calorimetry was performed on week 5; animals were sacrificed in food‐deprived state on week 6. Data were analyzed within sex. BW gain was similar among animals on the HF‐G, HF‐GF, and HF‐F diets. Cumulative food intake was slightly lower in HF‐F animals (both sexes). However, energy expenditure was not affected, or were circulating insulin and glucose concentrations, and hepatic triglyceride levels at endpoint. Hepatic gene expression analysis showed only minor alterations in hexokinase and glycolysis‐related expression in males, and no alterations in sugar transporters, or DNL‐related enzymes. In females, no consistent alterations in hepatic or small intestine gene expression were seen. Concluding, partial or complete replacement of dietary glucose with fructose does not increase caloric intake, and does not affect BW, hepatic triglyceride levels, or insulin concentrations in male and female mice on a moderate high–fat diet.

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“…The characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table 1. The majority were studies of African American populations ( n = 30), but other study populations included indigenous black African ( n = 5) [24–28], immigrant black African ( n = 2) [29, 30], UK African-Caribbean ( n = 3) [31–33], and a mixture of the above ( n = 1) [34]. The total number of subjects of BA ethnicity in the included studies was 4619.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies comprised 17 all-female cohorts [25–28, 37, 41, 43, 48–56], 3 all-male cohorts [24, 29, 30], and 21 mixed-sex cohorts. Where sex of subject was reported by ethnicity, the majority in both BA (3350 of 4395, or 76%) and WE (6630 of 10900, or 61%) subjects were female.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity

Ladwa

Hakim

Amiel

et al. 2019

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Background Understanding ethnic differences in beta cell function has important implications for preventative and therapeutic strategies in populations at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The existing literature, largely drawn from work in children and adolescents, suggests that beta cell function in black African (BA) populations is upregulated when compared to white Europeans (WE). Methods A systematic literature search was undertaken in June 2018 to identify comparative studies of beta cell function between adults (>age 18 years) of indigenous/diasporic BA and WE ethnicity. All categories of glucose tolerance and all methodologies of assessing beta cell function in vivo were included. Results 41 studies were identified for inclusion into a qualitative synthesis. The majority were studies in African American populations (n = 30) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT)/nondiabetes (n = 25), using intravenous glucose stimulation techniques (n = 27). There were fewer studies in populations defined as only impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT) (n = 3) or only T2D (n = 3). Although BA broadly exhibited greater peripheral insulin responses than WE, the relatively small number of studies which measured C-peptide to differentiate between beta cell insulin secretion and hepatic insulin extraction (n = 14) had highly variable findings. In exclusively IGT or T2D cohorts, beta cell insulin secretion was found to be lower in BA compared to WE. Conclusions There is inconsistent evidence for upregulated beta cell function in BA adults, and they may in fact exhibit greater deficits in insulin secretory function as glucose intolerance develops.

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Significantly greater triglyceridemia in Black African compared to White European men following high added fructose and glucose feeding: a randomized crossover trial

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes

Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes

Metabolic effects of the dietary monosaccharides fructose, fructose–glucose, or glucose in mice fed a starch‐containing moderate high–fat diet

A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity

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