Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Related to the Degree of Mouth Opening and Hearing Loss

Abstract

BackgroundThe temporomandibular joint is a unique bi-condylar joint involved in mastication and speech. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) have a range of symptoms, including aural symptoms, and are present in approximately 75% of normal populations. The present study examined the relationship between signs and symptoms of TMD and mouth opening, gender, joint and aural symptoms, and hearing loss.MethodsThe study involved 464 healthy Greek university students (156 men and 308 women) with a mean age of 19.6 years. Age, gender and maximum mouth opening was recorded. Mouth opening was measured using Vernier calipers. An anamnestic questionnaire was used to stratify the subjects into four groups based on TMD severity. Aural symptoms and an audiogram were recorded for each subject too. Data were analyzed using multifactor ANOVA, chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsThe overall incidence of TMD signs and symptoms was 73.3%. The incidence and severity was greater in females than males (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05). The number of aural symptoms was associated to the TMD severity (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05) as well as maximum mouth opening (p-value 0.004 < 0.05). Audiometry showed that moderate and severe TMD was associated with hearing loss of median and low tones respectively (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05). TMJ pain (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05), TMJ ankylosis (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05), bruxism (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05) and ear itching (p-value 0.0001 < 0.05) were also found to be statistically different between TMD and non-TMD subjects.ConclusionsTMD signs and symptoms were more common and severe in females than males. TMD severity is correlated with the degree of mouth opening and the number of aural symptoms. The absence or presence of mild TMD are associated with normal audiograms while moderate and severe TMD are related to hearing loss in median and low tones respectively. Bruxism, joint ankylosis, joint pain and ear itching were more common in TMD than non-TMD patients.

Temporomandibular Disorder Awareness of Patients

“…18 Birçok çalışmada, bruksizm prevalansı genel populasyonda %50'nin üze-rinde olmakla birlikte, bruksizm farkındalığı üzerine yapılan klinik çalışmalarda bu oranın %15'e düştüğü rapor edilmiştir. [18][19][20][21] Her ne kadar diş aşınması TMD'nin tek başına işareti olmasa da, model çalışmalarında prevalans %91,5'e yüksel-mektedir. Bunun yanı sıra noktürnal elektromiyografik (EMG) kayıtlara göre bruksizm toplumun %100'ünü etkilemektedir.…”

Factores asociados a los trastornos temporomandibulares en adultos de Cuenca, Ecuador

“…Estudios manifiestan que el dolor espontáneo en la ATM disminuye con la edad avanzada, especialmente en los hombres mayores de 55 a 60 años de edad, donde la prevalencia de dolor en la ATM es extremadamente baja, resultados que atribuyen a la ausencia de estrés en este grupo poblacional (17,18). No obstante el estudio no coincide con Guarda-Nardini et al, en el 2012 quienes evaluaron el patrón de distribución en edades de 39 a 50 años, con una prevalencia del 40%, evaluados de acuerdo a los Criterios de Diagnósticos de Trastornos Témporomandibulares (RDC/TTM), en donde se manifestó que eran pacientes que acudían con frecuencia en busca de tratamientos de TTM (19).…”

Terapia com placa oclusal com e sem guias anteriores de desoclusão em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular e zumbido subjetivo

“…Entretanto, alguns autores relataram o encontro de alterações (RIGA et al, 2010;PEKKAN et al, 2010;KITSOULIS et al, 2011) ao passo que outros não encontraram achados significantes (HENDERSON et al, 1992;TOLLER;JUNIPER, 1993;HILGENBERG, 2009 Estudos ainda têm avaliado o efeito dos tratamentos para DTM nos sintomas auditivos dos pacientes e verificaram, em geral, uma melhora desses sintomas (ANGELI et al, 1999;ANGELI et al, 2003;BJÖRNE, 2007;FELÍCIO et al, 2008;GIORDANI;NÓBILO, 1995;GUTIÉRREZ et al, 2001;SOBHY et al, 2004;ERNBERG, 2006;WRIGHT, 2007;BIFANO, 1997).…”

“…Além disso, outros autores têm encontrado correlação entre a presença de sintomas otológicos e os sinais e sintomas de DTM (FELÍCIO et al, 2004;FELÍCIO et al, 2008;KITSOULIS et al, 2011;PASCOAL et al, 2001). …”