Signs of altered psychomotor capacity and use of alcohol and other drugs among nightclub patrons who drive in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Challenges and Perspectives in Environmental Monitoring Used in the Study of Illicit Drugs Consumption in Brazil: A Literature Review

“…The proliferation of illegal substances is often linked to psychological factors like loneliness, anxiety, and curiosity (Sciarotta and Hunter 2022) personal factors such as escapism from reality, quest for identity, rebellion against authorities (Carlini and Sanchez 2018;Erbella et al 2020), and biological factors such as personal predisposition (Wen et al 2018). Thus, the search for new sensory experiences, noveltyseeking behavior, social in uence, deviations in personality, emotional dependence, alienation, and unregulated sales contribute to the upswing in illegal drug usage, which is sourced from various locations in both large and small cities (Drug Enforcement Administration 2020).…”

“…Given its proximity to the largest producers of cocaine -Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela -most tra cking routes cross the major cities of southeastern Brazil, where most illicit drug seizures take place, according to the (GOV.BR).Only in the city of São Paulo, more than 27 thousand kg of cocaine were seized in 2020, which is equivalent to the total amount seized nationwide in 2010. In 2021, the city witnessed the con scation of 65,000 kg of illicit drugs, ten times more than the corresponding gure in 2010.The proliferation of illegal substances is often linked to psychological factors like loneliness, anxiety, and curiosity (Sciarotta and Hunter 2022) personal factors such as escapism from reality, quest for identity, rebellion against authorities (Carlini and Sanchez 2018;Erbella et al 2020), and biological factors such as personal predisposition (Wen et al 2018). Thus, the search for new sensory experiences, noveltyseeking behavior, social in uence, deviations in personality, emotional dependence, alienation, and unregulated sales contribute to the upswing in illegal drug usage, which is sourced from various locations in both large and small cities (Drug Enforcement Administration 2020).Other factors, while not conclusive, are also indicated as in uential in illegal consumption, such as popular festivals like carnivals (Sodré et al 2022), the burgeoning tourism industry (…”

Estimativa de condutores de veículos automotores sob efeito de álcool na cidade de São Paulo e comportamento frente à fiscalização por etilômetros

“…Outra forma de fiscalização possível do uso de etanol é através de sinais característicos de alteração da capacidade psicomotora. Tais sinais (fala incoerente, andar cambaleante, olhos desfocados, e odor de álcool) são 8 vezes mais comuns em pessoas com alcoolemia acima de 0,05 miligramas de álcool por litro de ar alveolar expirado (o equivalente à infração de trânsito), e 30 vezes mais prevalente em indivíduos com níveis cima de 0,34 miligramas de álcool por litro de ar alveolar expirado ( o equivalente ao crime de trânsito) (Erbella et al, 2020).…”