Silica from Kazakhstan Rice Husk as an Anode Material for LIBs

Abstract

This paper reports the synthesis of the silica (SiO2) from Kyzylorda rice husk (RH) and investigation of its electrochemical behaviour as an anode material for the lithium-ion battery. Rice husk, considered as agricultural waste material, contains a substantial amount of amorphous silica, carbon, and minor other mineral composition, which have potential industrial and scientific applications. Due to the high theoretical capacity of silicon (4200 mAh g-1) and silicon dioxide (1965 mAh g-1), Si-containing compounds are considered as a promising candidate for a new generation of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, the technology of amorphous SiO2 extraction from Kyzylorda region rice husk is developed. The silica powder was obtained by burning the rice husk and treating the obtained ash with the sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The extracted SiO2 and intermediate products were studied by the SEM, XRD, XRF, XPS, TGA in comparison with commercial silica. The RH of the Kyzylorda region has 12% of Si. The electrochemical characteristics of assembled coin cell type battery were tested by using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. Results show that silica synthesized from agriculture waste has the same performance as commercial analog. The initial discharge capacity of the battery with synthesized silicon dioxide was 1049 mAhg-1. The reversible discharge capacity in the second and subsequent cycles is about 438 mAhg-1.

Structure and electrochemical properties of surface‐activated C/ SiO 2 composite derived from rice husks as a high‐performance anode for sodium‐ion batteries

“…The endothermic process occurs at an early stage, corresponding to the loss of water in the sample (~ 7.4%). In the second stage, a reaction with KOH consisting of C/SiO 2 , includes a reaction between KOH and SiO 2 according to the equation (1) which was early reported by Kurmanbayeva et al 16 Meanwhile, the reaction between KOH and carbon can also occur following the reaction mechanism proposed by J Romanos et al 17 at conditions below 700°C (shown as equations 2, 3, 4, 5). Consequently, the product formed from this process includes H 2 O, H 2 , K 2 CO 3 .…”

“…TGA curve of the C/SiO 2 material shows two stages of weight loss at $100 C and $300 C. The endothermic process occurs at an early stage, corresponding to the loss of water in the sample ($ 7.4%). In the second stage, a reaction with KOH consisting of C/SiO 2 , includes a reaction between KOH and SiO 2 according to the equation ( 1) which was early reported by Kurmanbayeva et al 16 Meanwhile, the reaction between KOH and carbon can also occur…”

“…11 They investigated that the SiO electrodes delivered the capacity of 170 mAg g À1 after 100 cycles with high retention of 77%. 11 Many current studies have been conducted using carbon and silica from RH to synthesize anode materials for LIB because of its high theoretical capacity (SiO 2 : 1965 mAh g À1 vs. Li/Li + ), 16 less severe volume expansion of Si (>300%) than Si-based material during the chargingdischarging process, 5 and abundant raw material source. 4 To enhance the porosity and surface area of C/SiO 2 , different activating agents are used, 17 such as K 2 CO 3 , 18 H 2 O 2 , 4 or ZnCl 2 .…”

Создание Наноструктурированных Композитных Материалов Для Хранения Энергии

“…Однако наноструктурированные Si материалы также сталкиваются с некоторыми серьезными проблемами, сопровождающимися высокой площадью поверхности и отношением поверхности к объему, включая ограничение необратимой емкости и низкую кулоновскую эффективность, которые вызваны образованием пассивирующего слоя или слоя раздела твердого электролита на поверхности электрода [41]. В работах [42][43][44] в композитной системе кремниевые материалы действуют как активные компоненты, способствующие высокой емкости накопления лития, в то время как углеродная матрица может значительно сдерживать объемное расширение Si, улучшать электронную проводимость и стабилизировать межфазные слои из твердого электролита анодов на основе Si.…”

Thermodynamically Equilibrium Compositions of the Products Formed During the Filtration Combustion of the Metal-Containing Mixtures

“…As a result, it is possible to separate the stages of drying [19], pyrolysis and oxidation of fuel [20,21] along the length of the reactor. Different thermal structures of the combustion wave provide localization of each substance in specific zones according to their physical and chemical properties.…”