Silicide formation during heat treatment of thin Ni-Pt and Ni-Pd solid-solution films and Pt/Ni bilayers on (111)Si

Иевлев, В. М.; Shvedov, E. V.; Soldatenko, S. A.; Kushchev, S. B.; Gorozhankin, Yu. V.

doi:10.1134/s0020168506020087

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The PdSi formation at temperatures significantly below the widely accepted nucleation temperature in the pure Pd-Si system does not result from the effect of entropy of mixing due to the direct formation of a Ni 1-x Pd x Si solid solution, as previously suggested. 8,[10][11][12][13][14] Rather, it is triggered by a reduction in surface energy, induced by the presence of the isomorphous NiSi phase. The coexistence of NiSi and PdSi transforms into a Ni 1-x Pd x Si solution at higher temperatures, which in turn results in an improved monosilicide stability by postponing NiSi 2 nucleation due to entropy of mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 The effect is generally explained similar to Pt by stating that a Ni 1-x Pd x Si solid solution forms. 8,[10][11][12][13][14] On the other hand, significant differences between the Pt-Si and Pd-Si solid phase reaction imply that the formation of a Ni 1-x Pd x Si solid solution cannot be simply assumed. Although the binary reaction sequences for both elements are similar, i.e., M !…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the nucleation of PdSi and NiSi2 during the ternary Ni(Pd)/Si(100) reaction

Schrauwen

Demeulemeester

Kumar

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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During the solid phase reaction of a Ni(Pd) alloy with Si(100), phase separation of binary Ni-and Pd-silicides occurs. The PdSi monosilicide nucleates at temperatures significantly below the widely accepted nucleation temperature of the binary system. The decrease in nucleation temperature originates from the presence of the isomorphous NiSi, lowering the interface energy for PdSi nucleation. Despite the mutual solubility of NiSi and PdSi, the two binaries coexist in a temperature window of 100 C. Only above 700 C a Ni 1-x Pd x Si solid solution is formed, which in turn postpones the NiSi 2 formation to a higher temperature due to entropy of mixing. Our findings highlight the overall importance of the interface energy for nucleation in ternary systems. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nucleation of PdSi and NiSi2 during the ternary Ni(Pd)/Si(100) reaction

Schrauwen

Demeulemeester

Kumar

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The diffusion rates of Pt and Ni atoms are different because of their different atomic radius, with Ni atoms diffusing more rapidly compared to Pt atoms. [44] As a result, the surface layer of Ni 0.95 Pt 0.05 Si film exhibits an enrichment of Pt atoms, potentially augmenting the catalytic activity on the photocathode surface. The HADDF-STEM image (Figure 3h) exhibits the apparent lattice fringes with both a spacing of 0.20 nm, which are consistent with the d-spacing of the ( 112) and (1-12) crystal planes of Orthorhombic NiSi (JCPDS#38-0844), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Ni_0.95Pt_0.05Si/p‐Si Photocathode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical H₂ Production

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2024

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Metal silicide/Si photoelectrodes have demonstrated significant potential for application in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce H2. To achieve an efficient and economical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a paramount consideration lies in attaining exceptional catalytic activity on the metal silicide surface with minimal use of noble metals. Here, this study presents the design and construction of a novel Ni0.95Pt0.05Si/p‐Si photocathode. Dopant segregation is used to achieve a Schottky barrier height as high as 1.0 eV and a high photovoltage of 420 mV. To achieve superior electrocatalytic activity for HER, a dissolution‐induced surface reconstruction (SR) strategy is proposed to in situ convert surface Ni0.95Pt0.05Si to highly active Pt2Si. The resulting SR Ni0.95Pt0.05Si/p‐Si photocathode exhibits excellent HER performance with an onset potential of 0.45 V (vs RHE) and a high maximum photocurrent density of 40.5 mA cm−2 and a remarkable applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 5.3% under simulated AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2) illumination. The anti‐corrosion silicide layer effectively protects Si, ensuring excellent stability of the SR Ni0.95Pt0.05Si/p‐Si photoelectrode. This study highlights the potential for achieving efficient PEC HER using bimetallic silicide/Si photocathodes with reduced Pt consumption, offering an auspicious perspective for the cost‐effective conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.

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“…Recovery percentage increases with power until 800 W, while it decreases for higher radiation times and power. This may be due to the formation of silicides, which are binary compounds formed by both transition metals and silicon under high pressure and temperature conditions; 47,48 these compounds may interfere with the metal extraction and their subsequent analysis. Thus, 2.5 minutes and 800 W were taken as the optimum values for further analyses.…”

Section: Optimization Of Microwave Assisted Micellar Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of heavy metals in marine sediments using MAME-GFAAS

Hernández-Martínez

Padrón-Sanz

Torres-Padrón

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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A new green method has been developed for the extraction of the pseudo-total content of the heavy metals Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd from marine sediments using a mixture of biodegradable micellar media (SDS, Triton X-100) as extractants and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) for their determination. This work is the first one that uses only surfactants as extractants, without the addition of chelating agents to increase the extraction efficiency of the method, proving to be effective in the extraction of metals from this type of matrices. The proposed method has shown high recovery percentages for all the metals considered (>68%), good linearity and reproducibility (RSD<5.9%), as well as detection limits ranging from 0.06 to 2.78 µg g -1 . The method was applied to the determination of the heavy metals under study in samples with different physicochemical properties. Finally, our results were compared with those obtained using microwave assisted extraction -furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (MAE/GFAAS) described in ISO 11047:1998 obtaining comparable results.Nevertheless, Hübner et al. (5) raise four different options for the use of the term "heavy metal", although they suggest that the term applies to the following elements: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, tin and zinc. Heavy metals considered in this study (Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd) are categorized as priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (6). They have proved to be important pollutants in the marine environment, with high toxicity, long persistence and rapid accumulation at living organisms (7-9).Due to the hydrophobic behaviour of these metals, their concentration in seawater is very low, and they instead tend to accumulate in marine sediments (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). This trend is due to adsorption, co-precipitation and metal complexation in the surface layers of fine sediment particles. Thus, four types of metal fractions can be distinguished: (a) the exchangeable fraction, which is located in the ion exchange sites and it is freely available to take part in chemical reactions, (b) the reducible fraction, consisting of complex oxides and hydroxides, which is soluble under reducing conditions, (c) the oxidizable fraction, which is formed with the organic matter and sulphides, and

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Silicide formation during heat treatment of thin Ni-Pt and Ni-Pd solid-solution films and Pt/Ni bilayers on (111)Si

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

On the nucleation of PdSi and NiSi2 during the ternary Ni(Pd)/Si(100) reaction

On the nucleation of PdSi and NiSi2 during the ternary Ni(Pd)/Si(100) reaction

Dissolution‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Ni_0.95Pt_0.05Si/p‐Si Photocathode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical H₂ Production

Determination of heavy metals in marine sediments using MAME-GFAAS

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Silicide formation during heat treatment of thin Ni-Pt and Ni-Pd solid-solution films and Pt/Ni bilayers on (111)Si

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

On the nucleation of PdSi and NiSi2 during the ternary Ni(Pd)/Si(100) reaction

On the nucleation of PdSi and NiSi2 during the ternary Ni(Pd)/Si(100) reaction

Dissolution‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Ni0.95Pt0.05Si/p‐Si Photocathode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical H2 Production

Determination of heavy metals in marine sediments using MAME-GFAAS

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Dissolution‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Ni_0.95Pt_0.05Si/p‐Si Photocathode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical H₂ Production