Silicon-based Organic/inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells

Abstract

Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells display potential to be high efficiency and low cost photovoltaics due to combined advantages of high stability, high mobility and well developed fabrication process from inorganic materials and the properties to adjust organic molecule structure, absorption spectrum and bandgap from solution processable organics. Heterojunction photovoltaics formed by silicon and organics at low temperature has drawn great interests over past five years and the reported highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) has achieved up to 13.8%. The emerging of nanotechnology allows for silicon micro/nano structures including silicon nanowires, pyramids and nanocones with excellent light absorption properties which can greatly reduce the consumption of silicon materials as well as the purity dependence. The micro/nano structures also exhibit the advantages to offer larger junction area and more effective separation pathways for charge carriers. It is noticeable that silicon nanowire-based flexible hybrid solar cells with tens of micrometers silicon substrate thickness have achieved the PCE of above 12% adopting the most popular commercialized conjugated polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). With the rapid developments of new organic materials and interface engineering methods, different kinds of organic-silicon hybrid solar cells has been reported and shown superior photovoltaic characteristics. The adopted organics include PEDOT:PSS, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT), fullerene derivative and so on. This paper reviews the device structures of silicon-based hybrid solar cells, working mechanism and related organic molecular. The hybrid heterojunction with different materials and fabrication processes has been discussed. The last section summarizes the method used to improve the performance of the hybrid solar cells and depicts the challenges and prospects of the silicon-based hybrid solar cells in the near future.

Strategien zur Steigerung der Leistung von PEDOT:PSS/Si‐Hybrid‐Solarzellen

“…[2] Poly (3,4-ethylendioxythiophen):Polystyrolsulfonat (PEDOT:PSS), Poly(3-hexylthiophen) (P3HT), Poly(3-octylthiophen) (P3OT), 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluoren (Spiro-OMeTAD) und weitere Polymere wurden verwendet, um einen Heteroübergang mit Silicium zu erzeugen. [3] PEDOT:PSS ist das bestuntersuchte dieser Materialien und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Leitfähigkeit und Transparenz, einen ausgeprägten Passivierungseffekt, vielversprechende Antireflexionseigenschaften und gute kommerzielle Verfügbarkeit aus.D ieses leitfähige Polymermaterial besteht aus dem positiv geladenen PEDOTund dem negativ geladenen PSS.Das konjugierte PEDOT ist hoch leitfähig, während das Polymertensid PSS die Dispergierung des PEDOTu nd dessen Stabilitäti nW asser und anderen Lçsungsmitteln verbessert. Ursprünglich wurde PEDOT:PSS unter dem Handelsnamen Baytron von der Bayer AG vertrieben, und später entwickelte Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Energieprobleme haben Solarzellen weltweit eine große Aufmerksamkeit erfahren.…”

“…das Auftreten eines photoelektrischen Effekts nach der Abscheidung eines konjugierten Polysilylmethylcyclotetraoctyl‐Polymers (poly‐(CH3)3Si‐COT) auf einem n‐dotierten Siliciumwafer [2] . Poly(3,4‐ethylendioxythiophen):Polystyrolsulfonat (PEDOT:PSS), Poly(3‐hexylthiophen) (P3HT), Poly(3‐octylthiophen) (P3OT), 2,2′,7,7′‐Tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐4‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluoren (Spiro‐OMeTAD) und weitere Polymere wurden verwendet, um einen Heteroübergang mit Silicium zu erzeugen [3] …”

“…[2] Poly (3,4-ethylendioxythiophen):Polystyrolsulfonat (PEDOT:PSS), Poly(3-hexylthiophen) (P3HT), Poly(3-octylthiophen) (P3OT), 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluoren (Spiro-OMeTAD) und weitere Polymere wurden verwendet, um einen Heteroübergang mit Silicium zu erzeugen. [3] PEDOT:PSS ist das bestuntersuchte dieser Materialien und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Leitfähigkeit und Transparenz, einen ausgeprägten Passivierungseffekt, vielversprechende Antireflexionseigenschaften und gute kommerzielle Verfügbarkeit aus. Dieses leitfähige Polymermaterial besteht aus dem positiv geladenen PEDOT und dem negativ geladenen PSS.…”

Performance‐Enhancing Approaches for PEDOT:PSS‐Si Hybrid Solar Cells

“…[2] Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly(3octylthiophene) (P3OT), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and other polymers have been utilized in the formation of heterojunctions with silicon. [3] Among these organic materials,P EDOT:PSS has been widely investigated because of its high conductivity and transparency, advanced passivation effect, promising antireflection properties,and commercial availability.PEDOT:PSS is ac onductive polymer material consisting of positively charged PEDOTand negatively charged PSS.The conjugated PEDOTishighly conductive,and the polymer surfactant PSS improves PEDOT'sd ispersion and stability in water and other solvents.Itwas originally commercialized by Bayer AG under the trade name Baytron, and later Heraeus developed the widely used Clevios series of PEDOT:PSS.F igure 2a illustrates the general structure of PEDOT:PSS/Si HSCs and the chemical structure of PEDOT:PSS.E lectron-hole pairs generated in silicon after light absorption are separated by the built-in voltage (V bi )and transmitted to the separate electrodes.T he holes are transported to the front electrode through PEDOT:PSS,w hereas electrons are transmitted to the back electrode through Si. PEDOT:PSS is involved in multiple areas of the HSC including the hole-transporting layer, the surface passivation layer, the antireflection coating,a nd the The emerging energy crisis has focused significant worldwide attention on solar cells.Although crystalline silicon solar cells are currently widely used, their high cost limits the development of solar power generation.…”

Recent advances in highly efficient organic-silicon hybrid solar cells

“…Currently, the commercial PV market is restraint to the crystalline silicon solar cells a considerable market shares up to 90% [11]. There is no doubt they exhibit high efficiencies in the commercial industry, but the expensive materials cost, complicated fabrication, and energy consuming process are few limitations which make an Organic/Si HSCs a competitive research direction to the conventional silicon solar cells [12][13][14]. Therefore, many researchers show more interests in organic solar cells, organic-silicon hybrid solar cells (organic/Si HSCs) which may reduce the time and cost required to fabricate photovoltaic cells [9,15].…”