“…While factors such as H content, sp 2 and sp 3 bond content and lattice disorder reveal the properties of these films, it is known that sp 2 bonds are effective on electronic act and optical properties, while sp 3 bonds control mechanical and tribological properties (Evtukh et al, 2003;Hajimazdarani et al, 2021;Cetinkaya et al, 2023). To effectively increase the graphitization of carbon films, doping DLC films with dopants such as Si, N, Cu, Ti, and S is beneficial for conduction states (Evtukh et al, 2003;Basman & Varol, 2019;Feizollahi Vahid et al, 2023). DLC films, which are also delineated as amorphous forms of carbon materials, take place in many applications such as magnetic storage disks, wearresistant films, biomedical coatings, and optical coatings (Basman et al, 2015;Zeng et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2020).…”