Silicon photonics for high-capacity data communications

Shi, Yaocheng; Zhang, Yong; Wan, Yating; Zhang, Yuguang; Hu, Xiao; Xiao, Xi; Xu, Hongnan; Yu, Yu; Zhang, Long; Pan, Bingcheng

doi:10.1364/prj.456772

Cited by 109 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 315 publications

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“…The chip-scale miniaturization of spectrometers may reshape the landscape of spectroscopy and open up new opportunities for applications that require in situ characterization or high-density integration, e.g., food safety detection, hyperspectral imaging, intelligent health monitoring, and lab-on-a-chip . Silicon photonics employs silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nano-waveguides to build photonic integrated circuits . The main advantages of silicon-integrated spectrometers are CMOS compatibility and the potential for scaling to low-cost, high-volume, and reliable manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Silicon photonics employs silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowaveguides to build photonic integrated circuits. 10 The main advantages of silicon-integrated spectrometers are CMOS compatibility and the potential for scaling to low-cost, high-volume, and reliable manufacturing. In addition, the ultrawide transparent window of silicon (1.1−8 μm) encompasses the commonly used spectral range in near-and mid-infrared spectroscopy.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Qin

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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The chip-scale miniaturization of optical spectrometers may enable many potential applications, such as wearable health monitoring, field deployable biochemical sensing, dense hyperspectral imaging, and portable optical coherence tomography. However, the widespread use of integrated spectrometers is hampered by an inherent trade-off between resolutions and bandwidths. Here, a ground-breaking design strategy is proposed to overcome the bottleneck. The most noteworthy finding in this work is that, by simultaneously leveraging temporal and spatial decorrelations, a single micro-ring resonator (MRR) can serve as a spectrometer with an ultra-high-resolution across an ultrabroad bandwidth far exceeding the narrow free spectral range (FSR). The structure is based on a tunable MRR that supports TE 0 and TE 1 transverse modes. When tuning the MRR, the unknown spectrum is scanned by dual-mode resonances in a synchronized manner. The recorded signal is formed by "splicing" the responses of TE 0 and TE 1 . Due to the intermodal dispersion, all of the wavelength channels in the transmission matrix are sufficiently decorrelated beyond the FSR limit by cross-referring two matrix halves; thus, any arbitrary spectra can be retrieved by solving a linear inverse problem with preconditioned iterative optimizations. Experimental results demonstrate an ultrahigh resolution of <80 pm across an ultrabroad working bandwidth of >100 nm, which yields an ultralarge-wavelength channel capacity of 1250. The device footprint is also as compact as 20 × 35 μm 2 . These results represent the smallest-resolution-footprint product (≈0.056 pm•mm 2 ), the highest bandwidth-to-footprint ratio (≈0.14 nm μm −2 ), and the highest channel-to-footprint ratio (≈1.79 μm −2 ) ever demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Qin

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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“…The PIC-based spectrometer has attracted tremendous research interest due to its potential for chip-scale monolithic integration. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is a prevalent platform for building PICs 11 . The wide transparent window of silicon, spanning from 1.1 to 8 μm, is useful in near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the resolution-bandwidth limit of chip-scale spectrometry by harnessing a dispersion-engineered photonic molecule

Qin

et al. 2023

Light Sci Appl

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The chip-scale integration of optical spectrometers may offer new opportunities for in situ bio-chemical analysis, remote sensing, and intelligent health care. The miniaturization of integrated spectrometers faces the challenge of an inherent trade-off between spectral resolutions and working bandwidths. Typically, a high resolution requires long optical paths, which in turn reduces the free-spectral range (FSR). In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a ground-breaking spectrometer design beyond the resolution-bandwidth limit. We tailor the dispersion of mode splitting in a photonic molecule to identify the spectral information at different FSRs. When tuning over a single FSR, each wavelength channel is encoded with a unique scanning trace, which enables the decorrelation over the whole bandwidth spanning multiple FSRs. Fourier analysis reveals that each left singular vector of the transmission matrix is mapped to a unique frequency component of the recorded output signal with a high sideband suppression ratio. Thus, unknown input spectra can be retrieved by solving a linear inverse problem with iterative optimizations. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach can resolve any arbitrary spectra with discrete, continuous, or hybrid features. An ultrahigh resolution of <40 pm is achieved throughout an ultrabroad bandwidth of >100 nm far exceeding the narrow FSR. An ultralarge wavelength-channel capacity of 2501 is supported by a single spatial channel within an ultrasmall footprint (≈60 × 60 μm2), which represents, to the best of our knowledge, the highest channel-to-footprint ratio (≈0.69 μm−2) and spectral-to-spatial ratio (>2501) ever demonstrated to date.

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“…InP and TFLN modulators can achieve almost the same excellent characteristics. In contrast, silicon photonics (SiPh) modulators are currently inferior in terms of both the V and bandwidth [16,17]. It is thus difficult to apply SiPh modulators in CDMs, which are used for high-end transceivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-85-GHz-Bandwidth InP-Based Coherent Driver Modulator Capable of 1-Tb/s/λ-Class Operation

Ozaki

Ogiso

Hashizume

et al. 2023

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We developed an InP-based coherent driver modulator (CDM) with a flexible printed circuit (FPC) RF interface. The CDM has a 3-dB electro-optic (EO) bandwidth of over 85 GHz, including the evaluation board loss, which is sufficient for 1-Tb/s/-class operation. Furthermore, we obtained good back-to-back bit-error-rate (BER) performance in modulations up to 144-Gbaud dual-polarization 16-QAM, and we confirmed the CDM's capability for operation over the 150-Gbaud class. With the FPC RF interface, a package's roll-off frequency above 100 GHz was demonstrated in both measured and simulated results. The CDM includes an InP-based n-i-p-n heterostructure modulator chip with a differential capacitively loaded travelingwave electrode (CL-TWE) and a 4-channel linear SiGe BiCMOS driver IC with an open-collector configuration and low wire inductance. The modulator chip has an EO 3-dB bandwidth of over 70 GHz, which is an improvement of about 30 GHz over that of a conventional p-i-n structure. In addition, to facilitate future 200-Gbaud-class operation, a simulation with a reduced GND via diameter confirmed that the package's roll-off frequency can be improved to more than 120 GHz. Moreover, by reducing the CL-TWE period and the metal's DC resistance, the n-i-p-n modulator chip achieve an EO 3-dB bandwidth of 90 GHz or more.

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Silicon photonics for high-capacity data communications

Cited by 109 publications

References 315 publications

Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Integrated Single-Resonator Spectrometer beyond the Free-Spectral-Range Limit

Breaking the resolution-bandwidth limit of chip-scale spectrometry by harnessing a dispersion-engineered photonic molecule

Over-85-GHz-Bandwidth InP-Based Coherent Driver Modulator Capable of 1-Tb/s/λ-Class Operation

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