Silicon Photonics Switch Matrices: Technologies and Architectures

Testa, Francesco; Bianchi, Alberto; Romagnoli, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61052-8_12

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Optical switching has the merits of large bandwidth, low latency, low power consumption, and data transparency, which can meet the ever-growing requirements for DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202300275 high-throughput data switching. [1] Various optical switches have been demonstrated on different platforms such as silica-based planar light-wave circuits (PLCs), [2,3] III-V materials, [4] siliconbased micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), [5,6] and silicon photonics. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Among them, silicon photonics technology shows great potential for building large-scale integrated optical switches, due to the advantages of low cost, compact size, fast and power-efficient tuning, and complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, which are highly demanded in hybrid electro-optic (EO) and all-optical switching networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si₃N₄‐on‐SOI Platform

Gao

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Large‐scale silicon optical switches are essential to support the ever‐increasing data traffic. Among the various switching architectures, the well‐known switch‐and‐select (S&S) architecture has the advantages of low crosstalk and strict non‐blocking. However, it suffers from high path‐dependent losses as the waveguide crossings increase dramatically with the number of ports. In this paper, a large‐scale 32 × 32 S&S optical switch on a multi‐layer Si3N4‐on‐SOI platform is reported. The optical switch chip incorporates 1984 broadband thermo‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometer (MZI)‐based switch elements, 246 016 three‐dimensional (3D) waveguide crossings, and 2048 interlayer couplers. Both ≈1‐mdB‐loss 3D waveguide crossings and ≈0.3‐dB‐loss interlayer couplers are realized, significantly reducing the overall insertion loss and footprint of the switch chip. The measured average fiber‐to‐fiber insertion loss is 12.88 dB at the 1580 nm wavelength. In addition, the crosstalk is less than −20.7 dB over the 110‐nm wavelength range. The power consumption of the entire switch chip is only ≈0.98 W due to the air trenches and substrate undercut. High‐fidelity optical transmission of a 50 Gb s−1 quadrature phase‐shift keying signal verifies the high‐performance routing capability of this chip. These results indicate that the large‐scale optical switch with broadband, low crosstalk, and high‐power efficiency is promising for datacenter optical network applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si₃N₄‐on‐SOI Platform

Gao

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Moreover, it enables the construction of a DCN with plug-and-play wireless modules that are highly flexible, simply scalable, easily relocatable, and quickly reconfigurable [9]. Furthermore, the incorporation of pure optical switching technology, which transfers data switching from the electrical domain to the optical domain, has garnered significant attention as a potential scaling solution for DCNs [10,11]. Not only does it eliminate the power-hungry O/E/O conversion of electrical switches, but its optical transparency also provides data rate and format independence [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic integrated multicast switch-based optical wireless data center network

Zhang

Kraemer

Xue

et al. 2023

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Optical wireless data center networks (OW-DCNs), which employ optical wireless technology and optical wired switching technology, are gaining interest as they promise to eliminate cable complexity, as well as to create high bandwidth interconnections and a low-cost and power-efficient system. In particular, the incorporation of optical tunable transmitters (T-TXs) and passive optical beam steering technologies is a promising way to build an OW-DCN benefitting from the potential of fast optical switching speed, low switch control complexity, and easy reconfiguration. However, the practical deployment of such an OW-DCN remains a challenge as fast (nanosecond) T-TX is required for fast optical switching operation. Implementation of fast T-TX can be realized by an array of lasers and optical gates, which are combined with photonic integration technology to achieve a compact, stable, and efficient nanosecond T-TX. In this paper, we propose an OW-DCN based on arrayed waveguide grating routers and fast T-TXs that exploit photonic integrated circuit multicast switches (PIC-MCSs). This PIC-MCS chip not only offers nanosecond-scale fast optical switching but also plays an essential role in enabling multicast operation, T-TX sharing, and dynamic bandwidth allocation between the intra- and inter-cluster networks. A 4×2 PIC-MCS has been designed, fabricated, and characterized in this proposed OW-DCN system. Experimental results validate that the proposed OW-DCN supports lossless, nanosecond, and multicast switching operation. Moreover, the dynamic bandwidth allocation and optical packet switching capability have been experimentally demonstrated. Finally, system performance with this fabricated PIC-MCS chip in a 4×4 rack OW-DCN is experimentally validated for different transmission scenarios and modulation formats. Wavelength division multiplexing multicast transmission with 50 Gb/s non-return-to-zero on–off-keying signals has been verified with less than 1.5 dB power penalty. 58 Gb/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation transmission has also shown operation below the forward error correction threshold of 3.84×10−3 for all the different transmission scenarios.

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“…Because the Ball Grid Array (BGA) packaging technique is difficult to increase the pin-density, current ASICs electrical switches are expected to hit the bandwidth bottleneck in two generations from now [2]. As a future-proof solution supplying unlimited bandwidth, optical switching techniques have been considerably investigated to overcome this bandwidth bottleneck of electrical switches [3]. Being independent of the data-format and bit-rate, the optical switch can provide theoretical unlimited bandwidth benefiting from the optical transparency [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-Controlled and Clock-Distributed Optical Switch and Control System

Xue

Pan

Guo

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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Silicon Photonics Switch Matrices: Technologies and Architectures

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si₃N₄‐on‐SOI Platform

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si₃N₄‐on‐SOI Platform

Photonic integrated multicast switch-based optical wireless data center network

Flow-Controlled and Clock-Distributed Optical Switch and Control System

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Silicon Photonics Switch Matrices: Technologies and Architectures

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si3N4‐on‐SOI Platform

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si3N4‐on‐SOI Platform

Photonic integrated multicast switch-based optical wireless data center network

Flow-Controlled and Clock-Distributed Optical Switch and Control System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si₃N₄‐on‐SOI Platform

Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si₃N₄‐on‐SOI Platform