SILICON POLYMER FOR CAST OF PARANASAL SINUSES OF IRAQI LOCAL GOAT (Capra hircus)

Abstract

The present work is designed to study the anatomical features of the paranasal sinus in local goat(Capra hircus) to distinguish and describe the types of the paranasal sinuses. Five heads of local goat were collected are used in this study , Used of silicone casts and imaging in order to study the shape, position of sinuses . The study revealed that the paranasal sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the nasal cavity.They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the bones of the skull or are a series of cavities arranged one after another like pyramidal shapes consists of five sinuses. which cavities are frontal , maxillary, lacrimal, palatine, conchal sinuses with absence of sphenoid sinus . The frontal sinus lies above the eyes (above the orbits) and have two types larger lateral and smaller medial, Maxillary sinus is large and located under the cheeks, while the lacrimal sinus is very small located in the dorsal part of the lacrimal bone . The palatine sinus is located in the hard palate.There are three conchal sinuses located inside three conchae of nasal cavity. The dorsal, ventral ,middle conchal sinuses located inside dorsal ,ventral ,middle nasal concha respectively , the dorsal conchal sinus longer than ventral and middle conchal sinuses. The aim of study to identify the morphological features of the paranasal sinuses and relation between them and with other regions. in the Iraqi local goat because veterinary importance and its effect on public health.

Head of Zebu cattle (Bos Taurus indicus): sectional anatomy and 3D computed tomography

“…Our anatomical sections or planes [transverse ( plana transversalia ), sagittal ( plana sagittalia ), coronal ( dorsal )] and CT imaging technique reveal that there are four conchal nasal sinuses in the Zebu cattle, mainly within the caudal part of the four nasal conchae: the dorsal, middle, ethmoidal, and ventral nasal conchae, identical to what is explained in some ruminants as the cattle [ 22 , 36 ], sheep [ 5 ], huemul deer [ 37 ], and goat [ 38 ]; additionally, the non-ruminant species include the horse [ 39 , 40 ], and pig [ 36 ]. In contrast, some ruminant species lack the ventral conchal sinus and they are replaced by their subdivision interiorly by bullae and cells, resulting in the dorsal and ventral spiral lamella as in Egyptian water buffalos, camels, Egyptian sheep, huemul deer ( Hippocamelus bisulcus ), and le de France sheep [ 3 , 4 , 37 , 41 , 42 ].…”