Silicon ring isolators with bonded nonreciprocal magneto-optic garnets

Tien, Ming-Chun; Mizumoto, Tetsuya; Pintus, Paolo; Kromer, H.; Bowers, John E.

doi:10.1364/oe.19.011740

Cited by 225 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…A thin YIG (yttrium iron garnet) layer is deposited on the top of the SiN ring waveguide to achieve the magnetic-optical effect for non-reciprocity. By applying a ~50 Gauss radial magneto-static field with a cylindrical magnet [174], a resonance wavelength split of Δλ~0.325 nm can be reached with the optimal parameters h SiN = 200 nm and h Ce:YIG = 175 nm [173], which enables an integrated circulator with a high ER.…”

Section: Bidirectional Multiplexing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects

2014

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An effective solution to enhance the capacity of an optical-interconnect link is utilizing advanced multiplexing technologies, like wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM), polarization-division multiplexing (PDM), spatial-division multiplexing (SDM), bi-directional multiplexing, etc. On-chip (de)multiplexers are necessary as key components for realizing these multiplexing systems and they are desired to have small footprints due to the limited physical space for on-chip optical interconnects. As silicon photonics has provided a very attractive platform to build ultrasmall photonic integrated devices with CMOS-compatible processes, in this paper we focus on the discussion of silicon-based (de)multiplexers, including WDM filters, PDM devices, and SDM devices. The demand of devices to realize a hybrid multiplexing technology (combining WDM, PDM and SDM) as well as a bidirectional multiplexing technologies are also discussed to achieve Peta-bit optical interconnects.

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Section: Bidirectional Multiplexing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects

2014

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“…Faraday rotation is a nonreciprocal rotation, or mode conversion, that occurs with a magnetic field parallel to the propagating light, and it can provide isolation together with a simple polarizer at the input of a waveguide 20,21 . Almost all of the recent devices in both categories have employed Ce:YIG as the MO material 8,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26] . In the first category, isolators based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers have been developed by bonding Ce:YIG onto Si-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides by surface-activated 18 or adhesive 22 bonding.…”

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Optimized Magneto-optical Isolator Designs Inspired by Seedlayer-Free Terbium Iron Garnets with Opposite Chirality

et al. 2016

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2016) Optimized magneto-optical isolator designs inspired by seedlayer-free terbium iron garnets with opposite chirality. ACS Photonics, 3(10), pp. 1818Photonics, 3(10), pp. -1825Photonics, 3(10), pp. . (doi:10.1021 This is the author's final accepted version.There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/124482/ ∥ School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: Simulations demonstrate that undoped yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayers cause reduced Faraday rotation in silicon-oninsulator (SOI) waveguides with Ce-doped YIG claddings. Undoped seedlayers are required for the crystallization of the magneto-optical Ce:YIG claddings, but they diminish the interaction of the Ce:YIG with the guided modes. Therefore new magneto-optical garnets, terbium iron garnet (TIG) and bismuth-doped TIG (Bi:TIG), are introduced that can be integrated directly on Si and quartz substrates without seedlayers. The Faraday rotations of TIG and Bi:TIG films at 1550nm were measured to be +500 and -500°/cm, respectively. Simulations show that these new garnets have the potential to significantly mitigate the negative impact of the seedlayers under Ce:YIG claddings. The successful growth of TIG and Bi:TIG on low-index fused quartz inspired novel garnet-core waveguide isolator designs, simulated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. These designs use alternating segments of positive and negative Faraday rotation for push-pull quasi phase matching in order to overcome birefringence in waveguides with rectangular cross-sections. KEYWORDS KEYWORDS KEYWORDS KEYWORDS: yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayer, terbium iron garnet (TIG), cerium doped yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) , silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguides, Faraday rotation, optical isolator Photonic systems have ever increasing applications in high-speed electronics/ spintronics 1,2 , computing 3 , telecommunications 4,5 and medicine 6 . These systems use light as the signal carrier, and similar to diodes in electronics, photonic systems require non-reciprocal devices with high optical isolation capabilities to protect light sources. Currently, non-reciprocal photonic materials are only available in discrete components. However, if light sources are to be integrated onto photonic chips, non-reciprocal devices will also be needed on those chips. Indeed, isolators will be necessary anywhere in optical circuits where back-reflections are detrimental and likely to occur. Garnets, with their unique magneto-optical (MO) properties have been the material of choice for building passive non-reciprocal devices [7][8][9][10] . In general, non-garnet non-reciprocal devices are active devices that require external power sources, which increase the complexity and cost of the device [11][12][13][14] . MO effects in garnets are the result of non-zero off-diagonal components in the dielectric matrix (ε) ...

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“…been shown earlier that optical isolation can be achieved for instance by applying opto-acoustic effects [9], nonlinear materials and materials containing magneto-optic effects driven by external magnetic fields [10]- [12]. The optical isolators designed in these conventional approaches require large magnetic fields, however for small optical structures it is technically demanding to achieve isolation following these approaches.…”

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Mode Converter Optical Isolator Based on Dual Negative Refraction Photonic Crystal

Aroua

AbdelMalek

Haxha

et al. 2014

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-A new design of an optical isolator based on photonic transitions in the interbands of a honeycomb structure that generates a dual negative refraction in a photonic crystal is presented. The involved photonic transition is associated to the perturbation of the dielectric constant of the medium. The band structure is determined using the plane wave method where the transmission spectra, field profile, and mode amplitudes are obtained by applying the finite difference time domain method. Due to the time-dependent perturbation of the refractive index of the medium that constitutes the dual negative refraction, asymmetric transmission mechanism is achieved for one of the desired modes, demonstrating optical isolation. Using the dual negative refraction effect in photonic crystal structure, the optical isolation is reported for only one of the desired optical modes. It is anticipated that the proposed mode conversion mechanism can be employed for designing ultrahigh-speed optical interconnections. The proposed optical isolator model is expected to have a significant impact on designing ultrahigh-speed integrated optical platforms.

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Silicon ring isolators with bonded nonreciprocal magneto-optic garnets

Cited by 225 publications

References 19 publications

Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects

Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects

Optimized Magneto-optical Isolator Designs Inspired by Seedlayer-Free Terbium Iron Garnets with Opposite Chirality

Mode Converter Optical Isolator Based on Dual Negative Refraction Photonic Crystal

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