Silicon Volatility From Alumina and Aluminosilicates Under Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operating Conditions

Gentile, Paul S.; Sofie, Stephen W.; Key, Camas; Smith, Richard J.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02688.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The sealing glass H used for the prevailing stack manufacturing contains approximately 30 wt.% of SiO 2 and is therefore the most probable candidate as a silicon source for the Mn 2 SiO 4 formation. The Formation of Mn 2 SiO 4 in form of an outer layer on top of a ferritic steel during exposure in an H 2 /H 2 O based gas in presence of volatile silicon species has previously been found during laboratory experiments 43.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Behavior of Metallic Components During 4,000 h Operation of an SOFC Stack with Carbon Containing Fuel Gas

et al. 2016

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In the present study the behavior of the ferritic interconnect steel Crofer 22 APU and the nickel contacting material during exposure in anode gas of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack was investigated. The stack had been operating for 4,000 h and was ten times subjected to thermal cycling within this time period. A temporary high carbon activity in the fuel gas combined with temperature changes resulted in local disintegration of the nickel mesh. Additionally, nickel diffusion from the nickel mesh into the steel resulted in the formation of an austenitic zone. Diffusion of steel constituents into the nickel mesh lead to the formation of Cr,Mn‐oxides in the latter. Presence of the nickel/steel contact allows transport of carbon from the gas into the steel, resulting in local internal carburization of the steel. In areas which were not in direct contact with the nickel mesh, the Crofer 22 APU interconnect formed a protective surface oxide scale and no indications for carbon uptake were found. Mechanisms for the experimentally observed effects, including the local disintegration of the nickel mesh, are presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Behavior of Metallic Components During 4,000 h Operation of an SOFC Stack with Carbon Containing Fuel Gas

et al. 2016

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“…Si(OH) 4 and SiO(OH) 2 are the dominant vapor species since their partial pressures are much higher than those of the other species as seen in Figure 1. 18 The calculated partial pressure of these species is in the range of 10 −6 -10 −8 atm. suggesting that the SiO 2 remains stable at high temperature.…”

Section: Silicon Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…22 Microstructural change of a sapphire surface due to evaporation of the volatile species is shown in Figure 5. 18 Mullite corrosion in humidified air at high temperature (1350°C) is evident from the evolution of a porous corundum (α-Al 2 O 3 ) surface layer ( Figure 7). 18 Mullite corrosion in humidified air at high temperature (1350°C) is evident from the evolution of a porous corundum (α-Al 2 O 3 ) surface layer ( Figure 7).…”

Section: Aluminum Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of corrosion of refractory in gaseous environment

Mahapatra

2019

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Advancing high temperature technologies pushes the envelope of the service conditions to new extremes. However, corrosion of refractories substantially decreases the service life and causes unscheduled shutdown of manufacturing and processing plants. In this paper, corrosion of refractories in gaseous environments is reviewed.The corrosion mechanisms of alumina refractories, including alumino-silicates and zirconia as oxide, and silicon carbide as non-oxide refractory are emphasized due to their broad array of applications. It is shown that carbonaceous atmosphere and water vapor are detrimental for the oxide refractories. Interaction with water vapor leads to formation of the volatile species and subsequent recession of the refractories.Carbonaceous atmosphere leads to the decomposition of even mullite, which is categorized as neutral refractory due to its excellent thermochemical stability. Oxidizing atmosphere with water vapor dominates the corrosion of non-oxide refractories.Presence of impurities, even parts per million level, in the gas stream such as alkali vapor and halogens can alter the corrosion mechanisms and favor "hot corrosion."

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“…Additionally, this leads to the formation of water vapor, which, if the partial pressure is high enough, can then lead to the formation hydroxides, which in turn leads to a mass and volume increase. [3][4][5][6][7] These reactions take place if a reduction in free enthalpy can be achieved. The difference in free enthalpy is considered as a function of the temperature and the equilibrium of the reaction partners involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of bauxite‐based refractory castables and matrix components in hydrogen containing atmosphere

Leber

Madeo

Tonnesen

et al. 2021

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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For the transformation to a CO 2 neutral industry, fuel of traditionally fossilfired furnaces is substituted by the subsequently addition of hydrogen. In these studies, refractory components are identified for the corrosion of refractories in (highly) reducing atmospheres. A bauxite-based refractory castable is set up in diluted, 9Ar 1H 2 , hydrogen atmosphere. Additionally, a focus is set on the behavior of a common matrix phase, anorthite. Corrosion experiments up to 1500 • C using a tube furnace with the mentioned atmosphere have been scheduled. Amount and phase stability due to different time and temperature coordinates have been examined by XRD. Furthermore, the microstructure and in particular the bonding phase was observed by means of SEM and EDS. Microstructural components undergoing reaction or loss are identified and explained in regards of complete and incomplete hydrogen combustion. Reduction of impurities such as iron oxides, phosphorus oxides, and titanium oxides are considered in detail.

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Silicon Volatility From Alumina and Aluminosilicates Under Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operating Conditions

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Behavior of Metallic Components During 4,000 h Operation of an SOFC Stack with Carbon Containing Fuel Gas

Behavior of Metallic Components During 4,000 h Operation of an SOFC Stack with Carbon Containing Fuel Gas

Review of corrosion of refractory in gaseous environment

Corrosion of bauxite‐based refractory castables and matrix components in hydrogen containing atmosphere

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