High-temperature (>600 • C) reactive vaporization of Cr from chromia and stainless steels in oxidizing environments is an industrially relevant phenomenon that has been and will continue to be studied extensively for decades. Recently, many experimental techniques have been developed to measure Cr vaporization from stainless steel interconnect (IC) components within solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. Many of these techniques are based on an experimental method known as the transpiration method, which is used to generate Cr vapors and subsequently collect them for quantitative analysis. However, vapor collection and analysis methods differ significantly between investigators within the community, as does the array of alloys (with and without protective surface coatings), temperatures, flow rates, and water vapor pressures used in experimentation. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to provide an overview of experimental techniques used to quantify reactive Cr vaporization, and to compare data reported in literature on Cr vaporization from Cr 2 O 3 and chromium containing alloys in oxidizing environments.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling indicates that the introduction of H2O in oxidizing environments decreases Si stability due to formation of volatile hydroxide and oxy hydroxides. 3Al2O3·2SiO2 mullite bond offers only slight improvement over pure silica as the thermodynamic activity of silica in mullite is near unity. In reducing atmospheres Si stability is improved by the presence of H2O and Al2O3, transitioning from SiO and silane as the dominant volatile species to hydroxides, oxy hydroxides, and SiO with increasing water vapor partial pressure. Empirical studies reveal initial rapid releases of Si from stationary solid oxide fuel cell refractory materials followed by slower solid‐state diffusion limited release.

Electrical conductivity of Sr2-xVMoO6-y (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) double perovskites has been investigated in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures up to 800 °C. This material has a key application in solid oxide fuel cell anodes as a mixed ion and electron conductor. A solid state synthesis technique was used to fabricate materials and crystal structure was verified through x-ray diffraction. Subsequent to conventional sintering in a reducing environment, elemental valence states were indentified through x-ray photoemission spectroscopy on the double perovskite material before and after annealing in a hydrogen environment. Samples exhibited metallic like conduction with electrical conductivities of 1250 S/cm (Sr2VMoO6-y′), 2530 S/cm (Sr1.8VMoO6-y″), and 3610 S/cm (Sr1.9VMoO6-y‴) at 800 °C in 5% H2/95% N2, with a substantial increase in conductivity upon cooling to room temperature. Room temperature electrical conductivity values for Sr1.9VMoO6-y‴ make it a candidate as the highest electrically conductive oxide known. Highly insulating secondary surface phases, Sr3V2O8, and SrMoO4, begin to reduce at 400 °C in a hydrogen environment, as confirmed by X-ray photoemission and thermal gravimetric analysis. This reduction, from V5+ and Mo6+ to lower valence states, leads to a large increase in sample electrical conductivity.