Silicosis and lung cancer in north Carolina dusty trades workers

Amandus, Harlan E.; Shy, C. M.; Wing, Steve; Blair, Alex B.; Heineman, Ellen F.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700200106

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Possible association of lung cancer with silicosis is a current focus of both medical and social attention. Whereas a significant increase in lung cancer mortality was not detected in never-smoking silicotics in some studies 19) , and the absence of association between lung cancer and exposure to crystalline silica was debated 20) , International Agency for Research on Cancer 2) , Japan Society for Occupational Health 3) and Committee on Pneumoconiosis and Lung Cancer 4) all concluded in the favor of positive association between silica exposure and cancer of the lungs, in agreement with the observations by various authors such as Forastiere et al 21) , Hnizdo and Sluis-Cremer 22) , Amandus et al 23) , Merlo et al 24) , Hughes et al 14) , and Steenland and Sanderson 25) . With regard to reports from Japan, Morinaga et al 16) observed an elevated relative risk for lung cancer of 3.7 among compensated silicotics; although the effects of smoking habits on the cancer incidence were not clear, they estimated that the elevation was too high to be attributed to smoking habits alone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Mortality due to Silico-Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer Among 200 Whetstone Cutters.

2003

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The objective of the present study was to examine if the mortality due to tuberculosis and cancer in the lungs was elevated in a cohort of 200 male whetstone cutters. 1955-1995 death certificatebased mortality data on the cohort were available, and the data were reviewed in the present study for mortality due to the two diseases to calculate standardized mortality ratios (SMR) in reference to the health statistics of Kyoto prefecture, where the cohort lived. Among the 200 cohort members, 99 men deceased during the observation period, the deaths including 10 cases of lung tuberculosis (of which 9 cases had silicosis together), 20 cases of all malignancies, and 6 cases of lung cancer (5 cases with silicosis). There was a significant elevation in the mortality due to lung tuberculosis (SMR=3.47) although SMR for all causes was not elevated (1.10). There was no significant change in SMR for all malignancies (0.78), whereas SMR for lung cancer (1.24) tended to be elevated although insignificantly. Lung tuberculosis was a significant complication of silicosis in 1955-1995. Possible elevation in lung cancer SMR among this cohort needs further studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Mortality due to Silico-Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer Among 200 Whetstone Cutters.

2003

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“…Workers exposed to this pollutant are at risk of developing silicosis (10). A study by Amandus et al (11) showed that workers exposed to high concentrations of crystalline silica dust suffered from pulmonary complications 1.5 times more than coal miners and 2.4 times more than miners working in mines without any silica. The results brought about by supervision and legal measures from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in order to adjust working conditions to threshold limits values through engineering controls have proved helpful (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing, Construction, Assessment, and Efficiency of Local Exhaust Ventilation in Controlling Crystalline Silica Dust and Particles, and Formaldehyde in a Foundry Industry Plant

Morteza

Hossein

Matin

et al. 2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The purpose of the present study was to design and assess the effi ciency of a local exhaust ventilation system used in a foundry operation to control inhalable dust and particles, microcrystal particles, and noxious gases and vapours affecting workers during the foundry process. It was designed based on recommendations from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene. After designing a local exhaust ventilation system (LEV), we prepared and submitted the implementation plan to the manufacturer. High concentrations of crystalline silica dust and formaldehyde, which are common toxic air pollutants in foundries, were ultimately measured as an indicator for studying the effi ciency of this system in controlling inhalable dust and particles as well as other air pollutants. The level of occupational exposure to silica and formaldehyde as major air pollutants was assessed in two modes: fi rst, when the LEV was on, and second, when it was off. Air samples from the exposure area were obtained using a personal sampling pump and analysed using the No. 7601 method for crystal silica and the No. 2541 method for formaldehyde of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Silica and formaldehyde concentrations were determined by visible absorption spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. The results showed that local exhaust ventilation was successful in preserving the crystal silica particles in the work environment at a level below the NIOSH maximum allowed concentration (0.05 mg m -3 ). In contrast, formaldehyde exceeded the NIOSH limit (1 ppm or 1.228 mg m -3 ). Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2013;64.123-131 Foundry workers are continuously exposed to compounds such as crystal silica, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH S ), formaldehyde, and toxic metals. Crystal silica makes up for a signifi cant portion of the sand used in the moulding, mixing and vibration that take place during a founding operation. According to a report from the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC), there is convincing evidence that the classifi cation of crystal silica in the form of quartz should be upgraded from probably carcinogenic for humans to carcinogenic for humans. The fi ndings of some studies also indicate that occupational exposure to silica during the casting operation of foundry may lead to respiratory tract diseases and cause damage to Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/9/18 6:25 AM KEY WORDS: inhalable dust and particles, local ventilation, occupational exposure Morteza MH, et al. CONTROLLING POLLUTANTS IN A FOUNDRY WITH EXHAUST VENTS

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“…We also chose 16 studies (11 cohort 4,9,11,15,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and 5 case-control studies 19,[33][34][35][36] ) which stated a relationship between silicosis and lung cancer risk (Tables 3 and 4). In addition, we selected 8 studies which presented lung cancer risk in non-silicotic subjects exposed to silica as well as silicotic subjects 4,9,11,15,19,31,33,37) (Table 5).…”

Section: Lung Cancer Risks From Silica Exposure Silicosis and Nonsilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We evaluated the lung cancer risks in both smokers and non-smokers from 6 cohort and 2 nested case-control studies in 8 papers and proceedings 9,26,27,30,33,34,41,42) , which presented both risks in each cohort.…”

Section: Lung Cancer Risk From Silicosis In Smokers and Non-smokersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicosis and Smoking Strongly Increase Lung Cancer Risk in Silica-Exposed Workers

Kurihara

Wada

2004

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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It remains controversial whether silica is a human lung carcinogen. In this study, we estimated the relative risks of lung cancer due to silica and silicosis by meta-analysis. We collected papers published from 1966-2001 which epidemiologically reported on the relationship between silica/silicosis and lung cancer. We removed papers which did not exclude the effects of asbestos and radioactive materials including radon. We selected the most recent one if some papers were based on the same cohort. Based on the selected papers, we summarized the lung cancer risks from silica, silicosis and non-silicosis with exposure to silica, by meta-analysis using a random effects model. The pooled relative risks were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.41) for silica, 2.37 (95% CI, 1.98-2.84) for silicosis and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.81-1.15) for non-silicosis with exposure to silica. Since some papers on silica did not exclude silicosis, the risk due to silica itself may be smaller than 1.32. It was less possible that silica exposure directly increases lung cancer risk. On the other hand, the relative risk, 2.37 for silicosis suggested that silicosis increases lung cancer risk. Meta-analysis also revealed that cigarette smoking strongly increased the lung cancer risk in silicotic patients (relative risk, 4.47; 95% CI, 3.17-6.30). Thus, the present study suggested the great importance of preventing silicosis and smoking cessation in reducing lung cancer incidence in silica-exposed workers.

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Silicosis and lung cancer in north Carolina dusty trades workers

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

Mortality due to Silico-Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer Among 200 Whetstone Cutters.

Mortality due to Silico-Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer Among 200 Whetstone Cutters.

Designing, Construction, Assessment, and Efficiency of Local Exhaust Ventilation in Controlling Crystalline Silica Dust and Particles, and Formaldehyde in a Foundry Industry Plant

Silicosis and Smoking Strongly Increase Lung Cancer Risk in Silica-Exposed Workers

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