Silk fibroin/poly(L‑lactic acid‑co‑ε‑caprolactone) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds exert a protective effect following myocardial infarction

Abstract

Electrospinning using biocompatible polymer scaffolds, seeded with or without stem cells, is considered a promising technique for producing fibrous scaffolds with therapeutic possibilities for ischemic heart disease. However, no optimal scaffolds for treating ischemic heart disease have been identified thus far. In the present study, it was evaluated whether electrospun silk fibroin (SF)-blended poly(L-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL)] scaffolds that were seeded with cluster of differentiation 117 (c-kit) + bone marrow (BM) cells may serve a protective role in cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). Mechanical characteristics and cytocompatibility were compared between SF/P(LLA-CL) and P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in vitro . It was observed that MI led to a significant increase of the c-kit + BM cell subpopulation in mice. Magnetic activated cell sorting was performed to harvest the c-kit + cell population from the BM of mice following MI. c-kit + BM cells were seeded on SF/P(LLA-CL) and P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. Results indicated that SF/P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were superior to P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in improving c-kit + BM cell proliferation. Additionally, compared with pure SF/P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, SF/P(LLA-CL) scaffolds seeded with c-kit + BM cells resulted in lower levels of MI markers and reduced infarct size, leading to greater global heart function improvement in vivo . The findings of the present study indicated that SF/P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds seeded with c-kit + BM cells exert a protective effect against MI and may be a promising approach for cardiac regeneration after ischemic heart disease.

Silk‐Based Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

“…[142] It is typically sutured or glued to the epicardium in the injured area. In 1999, Li et al first developed SF/PCL Film BMSCs None Film with low crystallinity promoted cardiac differentiation of BMSCs [ 160] SF/PCL/HA/GRGD Film BMSCs None Enhanced BMSCs proliferation and cardiac differentiation [ 158] SF/P(LLA-CL)/AV Nanofibrous scaffolds CMs None Enhanced CMs proliferation and cardiac proteins expression [ 156] SF/P(LLA-CL) Nanofibrous scaffolds c-kit + BM cells MI C57BL/6 mice Improving c-kit + BM cells proliferation, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function [ 157] SF/SPIONs/casein Nanofibrous scaffolds ECCs None Promoted survival, proliferation, and cardiac differentiation of ECCs [ 161] an engineered cardiac patch by seeding fetal rat ventricular cells onto commercially available gelatin mesh, and then implanted it in a rat cardiac cryoinjury model. [143] For a cardiac patch, the ideal scaffold needs to have physiologically accurate microstructures that allow cells to burrow into the native tissue, provide mechanical and electrophysiological properties that support dynamics of a beating heart without inducing reentrant arrhythmia, and have a proper biocompatibility and degradation rate.…”

“…And the scaffolds served as an ECM to support c-kit + BM cells survival and retention, thereby improving heart function and reducing infarct size in a MI mouse model. [157] Chung et al obtained the HA-GRGD/SF-PCL (HGSP) films by photochemically grafting HA and Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp peptides (GRGD) onto SF-PCL films. The HGSP hybrid cardiac films regulated the migration of cardiac differentiated BMSCs to transform from 2D cell monolayer to 3D microtissues with promotion of cardiomyogenesis in vitro.…”

Oestrogen Receptor β Activation Protects Against Myocardial Infarction via Notch1 Signalling

“…Shamoperated mice underwent the same procedure, with the exception of the left coronary artery ligation. Functional observations (respiration, heartbeat and neural reflexes) were performed daily on all mice after the operation [25].…”

“…Of note, to avoid causing pain, the flow rate of carbon dioxide was 10-30% of the chamber volume per minute. Once each assessed mouse was killed, the hearts were carefully removed [25]. For western blot analysis and Elisa, the whole heart tissue was collected and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to flush out residual blood before homogenisation.…”

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Triple Composite Scaffold Containing Silk Fiborin, Chitosan, and Alginate for 3D Culture of Colonic Carcinoma Cells In Vitro

“…The production of a scaffold with adequate pore size and porosity, good water-binding ability, high affinity, along with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, is crucial for developing a successful 3D tumor model. There are a variety of methods to fabricate such scaffolds, including gas foaming [ 7 ], particulate leaching [ 8 ], electrospinning [ 9 ], and freeze drying [ 10 ]. To produce scaffolds, natural biomaterials such as collagen, gelatin, and the commercially available matrigel have been used.…”