Silk-Templated Nanomaterial Interfaces for Wearables and Bioelectronics: Advances and Prospects

Abstract

Soft, wearable, stretchable, and flexible devices are intriguing in electronic fields, as they offer light weight, user-friendliness, and high-throughput performance. Electronic devices derived from bioresources spurred augmented benefits typically in terms of sustainability, biocompatibility, biointegration, and their device utilization in copious electronic fields such as biomedical healthcare, sensing, energy, intelligent clothing, and so forth. Significantly, the natural biopolymer silk has extensively been explored to design wearable electronic devices because of its excellent attributes and active functional sites present in their structures. Consequently, silk is being integrated with various carbon-based fillers, metallic interfaces, conducting polymers, etc. This review provides a comprehensive overview of silk integrated nanomaterial structures for wearable and bioelectronics applications. The outstanding structural features of silk materials have been discussed, summarizing their intrinsic properties and performance matrices for integration with various nanomaterials. Several silk/nanomaterial-enabled bioelectronics applications are presented, and in the end, future opportunities are also envisioned.

Two‐dimensional MXenes: New frontier of wearable and flexible electronics

“…Textiles started out as esthetic, everyday consumables, but have become advanced, demanding constructs for modern wearable technologies. These revolutionary advances and modifications in textiles have been made possible with the emergence of nanomaterials including graphene, 11,55,56 MXene, 15,57,58 carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 59 conducting polymers, 60 metallic nanoparticles/nanowires, 61,62 and so on. Textile-based electronic devices have been widely used in flexible, portable energy storage and conversion systems, 63,64 real-time healthcare monitoring, [65][66][67][68] flexible sensing, [69][70][71][72][73] flexible displays, 4 thermal management, [74][75][76][77] biomedical therapy, 78 soft-robotics, 79,80 and so on.…”

Synthesis of PEDOT:PSS Solution-Processed Electronic Textiles for Enhanced Joule Heating

“…Fabric-based smart materials have been considered to be emerging electronic devices that meet the requirements of flexible electronics and are compatible with multifunctional wearable electronics. These smart textile devices have been used in various platforms for energy storage, , flexible sensing, thermal management, − real-time healthcare monitoring, − textile robotics, protective textiles, ,,, and intelligent clothing. ,− Typically, traditional textiles are inherently electrically nonconductive and therefore not ideally suitable for electronic applications. To date, to impart electrical conductivity, textile materials are being functionalized with enormous nanomaterials, particularly 0D metal nanoparticles, − 1D carbon nanotubes (CNT), 2D graphene − and MXene, − and conducting polymers such as poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly­(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), , and polypyrrole. − The exploration of these nanomaterials has enabled smart-textile devices for profound interests toward multifunctional electronic applications.…”

Cellulose based flexible and wearable sensors for health monitoring

“…Several novel processes have been developed for cellulose and its use in developing functional wearable sensors, including cellulose-based textile sensors which cover areas like bio-sensing and cellulose-based composites for strain-sensors. 27 However, none of the published reviews discuss the fundamental characteristics of cellulose and its green processing as a functional substrate for designing various sensors. The current review sheds light on the above-mentioned points, which may be helpful when applying cellulose-based sensors to wearable health monitoring devices.…”