Silver based batteries for high power applications

Karpinski, A.P.; Russell, Sam; Serenyi, J. R.; Murphy, Jules

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00489-4

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The cell is operated with AccMix cycles and is inspired by the electrodes used in the batteries with the highest power density, such as the silver oxide-zinc [27] and zinc-bromine [28] secondary batteries and magnesium-silver/silver chloride primary batteries [29]. Figure 1 shows a couple of AccMix cells, one for each of the two flows at different concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

et al. 2014

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The conversion of heat into current can be obtained by a process with two stages. In the first one, the heat is used for distilling a solution and obtaining two flows with different concentrations. In the second stage, the two flows are sent to an electrochemical cell that produces current by consuming the concentration difference. In this paper, we propose such an electrochemical cell, working with water solutions of zinc chloride. The cell contains two electrodes, made respectively of zinc and silver covered by silver chloride. The operation of the cell is analogous to that of the capacitive mixing and of the "mixing entropy battery": the electrodes are charged while dipped in the concentrated solution and discharged when dipped in the diluted solution. The cyclic operation allows us to extract a surplus of energy, at the expense of the free energy of the concentration difference. We evaluate the feasibility of such a cell for practical applications and find that a power up to 2 W per m 2 of the surface of the electrodes can be achieved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The zinc electrodes are widely used in secondary batteries, e.g., in silver oxide-zinc cells [27] and in zinc-bromine flow batteries [28]. Silver/silver chloride electrodes are generally used in association with magnesium electrodes [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, among the various combinations of alkaline Zn batteries, the Zn/AgO batteries are bestowed with advantages such as high specific energy coupled with high specific power for high rate, weight, or size sensitive applications [9] despite the costly Ag electrodes. On the other hand, combination of zinc anode and silver oxide cathode along with polymer electrolytes is not reported so far, despite the fact that silver oxide cathode can be considered as one of the most versatile electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mixed cations in synergizing the performance characteristics of PVA-based polymer electrolytes for novel category Zn/AgO polymer batteries—a preliminary study

Vatsalarani

Kalaiselvi

Karthikeyan

2008

Ionics

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Thin films of polymer electrolytes comprising of PVA and KOH (A) with and without the addition of zinc salts, viz., zinc acetate (B) and zinc triflate (C) as mixed cations were prepared via. solution casting method. The thermal stability and ionic conductivity of PVA-KOH solid polymer electrolyte (A) were improved by the partial substitution of KOH with zinc salts. Among the two salts, zinc triflate was found to improve both the physical as well as electrochemical properties of the PVA-KOH films more significantly than zinc acetate. An attempt to optimize the ratio of various components of polymer electrolytes, viz., polymer: KOH: zinc salt was also made, based on the dimensional stability and ionic conductivity values. Finally, the select category polymer film containing PVA-KOHzinc triflate (C) in an optimum ratio of 40:35:25 was deployed in coin cell fabrication and subjected to chargedischarge studies with a view to demonstrate the possible electrochemical reversibility characteristics. Based on the encouraging results obtained from the cycling study, C type films [PVA-KOH-zinc triflate] qualify themselves as potential polymer electrolytes for use in rechargeable Zn/ AgO polymer batteries.

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“…O hidróxido de zinco se deposita no anodo, mas pode eventualmente se dissolver em excesso local de base forte (pH > 13): A pilha Ag-Zn é bastante empregada na área militar (submarinos, torpedos, mísseis) devido à sua alta densidade de energia e de potência, [5][6][7] sendo adequada também para sistemas compactos 8 e aqueles que requerem liberação instantânea (pulso) de energia. 7 Ela apresenta baixíssima taxa de auto-descarga. 6,8 Além do modelo de uso único, existe também a versão recarregável.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…7 A grande vantagem, em termos ambientais, é a ausência de metais pesados reconhecidamente danosos à saúde, como mercúrio, cádmio e chumbo. Porém, os perigos relativos à pilha Li/MnO 2 são de outra natureza: após a corrosão do invólucro externo, libera-se o solvente não aquoso, o qual é inflamável e tóxico (provoca dores de cabeça); o lítio metálico não reagido, em contato com água e umidade do ar, desprende calor e gás inflamável (hidrogênio), podendo levar à ignição do produto descartado.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Processamento de pilhas do tipo botão

Silva¹,

Afonso²

2008

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 2/5/07; aceito em 11/1/08; publicado na web em 13/8/08 PROCESSING OF SPENT BUTTON CELLS. This work presents hydrometallurgical routes for recovering valuable elements from spent button cells, based on leaching of internal components with sulfuric acid (Li/MnO 2 and Zn-air) or nitric acid (Ag-Zn), at 90 o C for 2h. Slow evaporation of the leachate crystallized MnSO 4 .H 2 O, whereas lithium was partially recovered as LiF. Mercury present in Zn-air and Ag-Zn samples was precipitated as HgS. Silver was recovered as AgCl before mercury precipitation. Zinc and iron were precipitated as hydroxides. The amount of iron varied according to the intensity of the corrosion of the external cell case. Final wastes are neutral and colorless sodium sulfate/nitrate solutions.Keywords: button cell; metal recovery; waste management. introdUÇãoAs pilhas do formato botão são assim denominadas devido à geometria do produto; de formato cilíndrico, seu diâmetro de seção reta pode chegar a 25 mm, enquanto que a altura (espessura) varia de menos de 1 até 15 mm.1 Esse formato compacto permite a inserção em aparelhos pequenos e portáteis. Suas principais aplicações são em aparelhos para surdez, calculadoras eletrônicas, relógios de pulso digitais, agendas eletrônicas e sistemas de alarme e de segurança. Apesar desse amplo emprego, dados da European Portable Battery Association (EPBA) 2 mostram que elas detiveram apenas 0,4% do mercado consumidor europeu em 2003 (610,8 t consumidas, contra 373 t em 2000). Na Índia, a fatia do mercado atinge cerca de 3%.3 No Brasil, não se tem dados precisos. Existem vários tipos de sistemas eletroquímicos nas pilhas botão: zinco-ar (Zn-ar), óxido de prata-zinco (Ag-Zn), óxido de mercúrio (em desuso) e lítio-dióxido de manganês (Li/MnO 2 ). Exceto esta última, que utiliza solvente não aquoso devido à reatividade do lítio metálico com água, as demais empregam meio aquoso contendo base forte (NaOH/KOH) como eletrólito.A comercialização da pilha Zn-ar é feita com o produto selado; após a remoção do selo (plástico), o produto é ativado pela difusão do oxigênio atmosférico dentro do produto.3,4 Seu potencial é de cerca de 1,6 V à temperatura ambiente. Nela se tem as seguintes reações: 3

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Silver based batteries for high power applications

Cited by 46 publications

References 2 publications

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

Proof-of-Concept of a Zinc-Silver Battery for the Extraction of Energy from a Concentration Difference

Effect of mixed cations in synergizing the performance characteristics of PVA-based polymer electrolytes for novel category Zn/AgO polymer batteries—a preliminary study

Processamento de pilhas do tipo botão

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