Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a new class of precision materials and attracted wide interest in recent years. One of the unique properties of such nanoclusters pertains to their photoluminescence (PL), for that it can widely span visible to near infrared–I and –II wavelengths, and even beyond 1700 nm by manipulating the size, structure, and composition. The current research efforts focus on the structure‐PL correlation and the development of strategies for raising the PL quantum yields, which is nontrivial when moving from the visible to the near‐infrared wavelengths, especially in the NIR–II region. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field, including i) the types of PL observed in gold NCs such as fluorescence, phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, as well as dual emission; ii) some effective strategies that have been devised to improve the PLQY of gold NCs by heterometal doping, surface rigidification, and core phonon engineering, with double‐digit QYs for the NIR PL on the horizons; and iii) the applications of luminescent gold NCs in bioimaging, photosensitization, and optoelectronics. Finally, we highlight the remaining challenges and opportunities for future research.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved