“…20 Although nanocomposites have better catalytic properties than NPs, agglomeration occurs during the catalytic process due to their high surface energy, affecting catalytic activity and experimental reproducibility. 21 The newly-fashioned 2D layered inorganic materials, such as silicene, black phosphorus (BP), transition metal oxides (TMOs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), and MXenes etc., have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique properties and important applications. 22,23 Among these 2D materials, MXene exhibits a unique 2D layered structure with a large specic surface area, good electrical conductivity, mechanical exibility, chemical and thermal stability, environment-friendly characteristics, and other properties.…”