Silver Nanoparticles Targeting the Drug Resistance Problem of Streptococcus dysgalactiae: Susceptibility to Antibiotics and Efflux Effect

Abstract

The present work is a continuation of our translational research focusing on the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to solve the global problem of antibiotic resistance. In vivo fieldwork was done with 300 breeding farm cows with serous mastitis. Ex vivo assays revealed that after cow treatment with the antibiotic drug Spectromast LCTM, S.dysgalactiae susceptibility to 31 antibiotics dropped by 22.9%, but after treatment with Argovit–CTM AgNPs, it was raised by 13.1%. This was explained by the fact that the percentage of isolates with an efflux effect after Spectromast LC treatment resulted in an 8% increase, while Argovit-C-treatment caused a 19% decrease. The similarity of these results to our previous results on S. aureus isolates from mastitis cows treated with the antibiotic drug Lactobay and Argovit–CTM AgNPs was shown. So, mastitis treatments with Argovit-CTM AgNPs can partially return the activity of antibiotics towards S.dysgalactiae and S. aureus, while, in contrast, treatments with antibiotic drugs such as Spectromast LC and Lactobay enhance bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The results of this work strengthen the hope that in the future the use of AgNPs as efflux pump inhibitors will recover the activity of antibiotics, and thus will preserve the wide spectrum of antibiotics on the market.

Nanoparticles Partially Restore Bacterial Susceptibility to Antibiotics

“…The number of studied cows varied between 200 and 400 (Table 1). In the studies [10][11][12] and the present work, the bacterium with the maximum contribution was selected as the study focus.…”

“…Therefore, an increase in the number of studied bacteria is of justified interest to expand the list of bacteria where this effect is observed or to find out the bacteria where this effect is either not observed or too low. Therefore, the present work is a continuation of our three previous works dedicated to the effect of AgNP treatment capacity to reduce bacterial resistance to 31 antibiotics [10][11][12] that will include the new Gram-positive S. epidermidis bacterium, which is also one of the main etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows.…”

“…The Argovit-C TM AgNP formulation has shown that its application to the treatment of cow mastitis can partially return 11-19.4% of the activity of 31 antibiotics towards three bacteria (S. aureus, Str. dysgalactiae, and E. coli), while treatments with first-line antibiotic drugs such as Lactobay, Spectromast LC, and Dienomast, in contrast, decreased activity of antibiotics by 23-27% [10][11][12]. The results of the study conducted on three bacteria are very promising because they open the possibility of contributing to solving the global problem of antibiotic resistance.…”

“…In our previous studies, it was revealed that this effect was observed for Gram-negative (E. coli [12]) and Gram-positive (S. aureus [10] and Str. dysgalactiae [11]) bacteria. Based on these results, can this phenomenon be extrapolated to all bacteria?…”

Cationic Lignin as an Efficient and Biorenewable Antimicrobial Material

“…The electrostatic binding is followed by physical, mechanical, and morphological alterations 11,20,44−52 of the bacterial cell envelope as well as alteration of bacterial omics, 11,53−55 mental concerns. 56 Also, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated the expense of handling antibiotic resistance as ∼$55 billion/year in the U.S. 57 Therefore, if low-cost, high-efficacy, cationic antimicrobials can be developed from green and eco-friendly materials, we will not only be able to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria effectively and economically but will also be able to save human, animal, and aquatic life.…”