Silver Nanowires Digital Printing for Inverted Flexible Semi‐Transparent Solar Cells

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has led to rapid development in photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Solar energy is the largest available neutral source of energy and plays a fundamental role in addressing significant environmental and energy problems. Today, the solution-processed organic PV (OPV) technology has attracted significant attention because of its multiple advantages: low-cost, effortless fabrication, low weight, and flexibility. Furthermore, possible applications include self-powered greenhouses, smart PV windows, and electric vehicles. [1][2][3] Recently, many studies have investigated the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), based on several parameters, including the type of active layer, interfaces between different layers, and device structures. The electrodes should be transparent to ensure high optical transmission in the visible/near infrared region and also the work function's alignment with the other layers. In addition, the electrodes should have high mechanical flexibility, stability, high conductivity, and excellent adhesion on PET and

Digital printing of a novel electrode for stable flexible organic solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 8.5%

“…This work presents a novel arrangement of efficient and stable flexible inverted organic solar cells using the digital materials deposition (DMD) process 33 , 63 . The bottom electrode, electron transporting layer and VOx-PEDOT film interface layers were all printed with DMD except for the active layer (deposited by spin coating,) and the Ag top electrode (deposited by evaporation).…”

Study and Analysis of Simple and Precise of Contact Resistance Single-Transistor Extracting Method for Accurate Analytical Modeling of OTFTs Current-Voltage Characteristics: Application to Different Organic Semiconductors

“…At the transition voltage V tr between the linear and saturation regimes in the output characteristics, we have V D = V tr and I D,lin = I D,sat , as shown Figure 3, in which the abscissa (V D -axis) is defined as V tr that verifies Equation (6). Consequently, Equation (6) becomes: Finally, we equalize Equation (7) to Equation ( 8), to derive the analytical expression for the contact resistance as follows [27,33]:…”

“…At the transition voltage Vtr between the linear and saturation regimes in the output characteristics, we have VD = Vtr and 𝐼 , 𝐼 , , as shown Figure 3, in which the abscissa (VD-axis) is defined as Vtr that verifies Equation (6). Consequently, Equation (6) becomes: However, the fundamental OTFTs electrical properties may be generally influenced by the existence of the contact resistance (R c ) between the organic active layer/source-drain (S/D) contacts interface.…”

“…𝐼 𝐷,𝑙𝑖𝑛 𝑊 𝐿 𝐶 𝑖 µ 𝐹𝐸𝑇 𝑉 𝐺 𝑉 𝑡ℎ 𝑉 𝐷 2𝐼 𝐷,𝑙𝑖𝑛 𝑅 𝑆 (6) Analogously, at high drain voltage (saturation regime), the pinch-off of the conductive channel from the side of drain electrode occurs at 𝑉 𝐼 , 𝑅 𝑉 𝑉 , so that the ID equation in this regime becomes:…”

“…During the last few years, the field of microelectronic devices based on organic semiconductors (OSCs), such as organic solar cells, organic memories, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), is considered as being a tremendously developed technology in the industrial and scientific communities when compared with its inorganic counterpart [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In particular, among them, the OTFTs forming the backbone of an important number of microelectronic devices, such as displays, gas sensors, smart cards, and radio-frequency identification tags, smart display screens, and other innovative high-technology where these OTFTs play the role of a vital and indispensable constituent [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”