Silvicultural systems for southern bottomland hardwood forests

Meadows, James S.; Stanturf, John A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(96)03898-4

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We report here the response of bark and woodborers to the creation of canopy gaps of different size and age. The gaps were created by group selection harvesting, an uneven-aged silvicultural practice that removes patches of desirable trees to create small (<0.55 ha) openings similar to those created by insect infestations, severe wind damage, and other localized disturbances (Hunter, 1990;Meadows and Stanturf, 1997;Guldin, 1996). Forest management that fails to mimic natural rates and patterns of disturbance may disrupt the dead-wood dynamics of a forest which can result in extinctions of species adapted to the natural abundance and diversity of CWD (Grove, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests

Ulyshen¹,

Hanula²,

Horn³

et al. 2004

Forest Ecology and Management

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A bstr actMalaise traps were used to sample beetles in artiÞcial canopy gaps of different size (0.13 ha, 0.26 ha, and 0.50 ha) and age in a South Carolina bottomland hardwood forest. Traps were placed at the center, edge, and in the surrounding forest of each gap. Young gaps ( 1 year) had large amounts of coarse woody debris compared to the surrounding forest, while older gaps ( 6 years) had virtually none. T he total abundance and diversity of wood-dwelling beetles (B uprestidae, Cerambycidae, B rentidae, B ostrichidae, and Curculionidae (Scolytinae and Platypodinae)) was higher in the center of young gaps than in the center of old gaps. T he abundance was higher in the center of young gaps than in the surrounding forest, while the forest surrounding old gaps and the edge of old gaps had a higher abundance and diversity of wood-dwelling beetles than did the center of old gaps. T here was no difference in wood-dwelling beetle abundance between gaps of different size, but diversity was lower in 0.13 ha old gaps than in 0.26 ha or 0.50 ha old gaps. We suspect that gap size has more of an effect on woodborer abundance than indicated here because malaise traps sample a limited area. T he predaceous beetle family Cleridae showed a very similar trend to that of the woodborers. Coarse woody debris is an important resource for many organisms, and our results lend further support to forest management practices that preserve coarse woody debris created during timber removal. # 2004 E lsevier B .V. A ll rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests

Ulyshen¹,

Hanula²,

Horn³

et al. 2004

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…In this paper, we compare the species richness, abundance, and composition of herbivorous insects in artiÞcial canopy gaps of different size (0.13, 0.26, and 0.50 ha) and age (1 and 7 yr old) in a bottomland hardwood forest in the south-eastern United States. The gaps were created by group-selection cutting, an uneven-aged forest management practice that removes patches of merchantable trees leaving small (Ͻ0.55 ha) openings similar to those created by insect infestations, severe wind damage, or other localized disturbances (Hunter 1990, Guldin 1996, Meadows and Stanturf 1997.…”

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confidence: 99%

Herbivorous Insect Response to Group Selection Cutting in a Southeastern Bottomland Hardwood Forest

et al. 2005

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Malaise and pitfall traps were used to sample herbivorous insects in canopy gaps created by group-selection cutting in a bottomland hardwood forest in South Carolina. The traps were placed at the centers, edges, and in the forest adjacent to gaps of different sizes (0.13, 0.26, and 0.50 ha) and ages (1 and 7 yr old) during four sampling periods in 2001. Overall, the abundance and species richness of insect herbivores were greater at the centers of young gaps than at the edge of young gaps or in the forest surrounding young gaps. There were no differences in abundance or species richness among old gap locations (i.e., centers, edges, and forest), and we collected signiÞcantly more insects in young gaps than old gaps. The insect communities in old gaps were more similar to the forests surrounding them than young gap communities were to their respective forest locations, but the insect communities in the two forests locations (surrounding young and old gaps) had the highest percent similarity of all. Although both abundance and richness increased in the centers of young gaps with increasing gap size, these differences were not signiÞcant. We attribute the increased numbers of herbivorous insects to the greater abundance of herbaceous plants available in young gaps.KEY WORDS selection cutting, uneven-aged silviculture, forest openings, forest management WHILE THE EFFECTS OF insect herbivory on plant communities and rates of succession have been well studied (Breedlove and Ehrlich 1968, Brown 1984, Hendrix et al. 1988, Brown and Gange 1992, McBrien et al. 1983, relatively little is known about how plant succession affects herbivorous insects (Bach 1990). Given the relative abundance of young herbaceous growth in early stages of succession, one might expect to Þnd increased numbers of herbivorous insects there compared with more mature habitats. Indeed, past work recognizes the importance of increasing taxonomic and structural diversity of plants to the creation and maintenance of a diverse insect community during succession (Murdoch et al. 1972, Lawton 1978, Southwood et al. 1979, and several features of the plants themselves may encourage herbivory in recently created habitats. These include increased nutrient levels (i.e., soluble nitrogen) in plant tissues (Boardman 1977, McNeill and Southwood 1978, Mattson 1980, reduced plant defenses in many pioneer species (Coley 1983, Lawton andMcNeill 1979), and increased consumption and growth rates of herbivorous insects that feed on plants receiving direct sunlight (White 1978, Scriber andSlansky 1981). The situation is complicated by a number of factors that seem to discourage herbivory, however. For example, increased light levels may be beneÞcial in terms of insect growth rates, but they have also been shown to increase the toughness of leaves and, in some cases, the concentration of defensive compounds (Shure and Wilson 1993).In many forests, canopy gaps created by treefalls, wind damage, and other minor events serve as important centers of plant growth and su...

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“…Indeed with no cold stratification necessary, seeds may begin to germinate after an average of 7-8 days in a germinator and can reach 90% germination after only 11 days (Rink et al 1979). The initial growth traits can lead to rapid colonization of a site, and within various forest types, sweetgum is considered a shade intolerant species and grows very rapidly to reach sunlight (Meadows & Stanturf 1997). On a site cleared of overstory, sweetgum will tend to dominate the site early and continue to be a major component in the early to mid-successional stages of a forest which can persist in southeastern U.S. forests for 200 years or longer (Hodges 1997).…”

Section: Silvicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A clearcut method is optimal for even-age regeneration of a stand. This system will favor in the early years of regeneration shade-intolerant and light-seeded species such as sweetgum and river birch (Meadows & Stanturf 1997). A seed-tree method would also have the iForest 8: 719-727…”

Section: Silviculture and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sweetgum: a new look same effect, while leaving trees on site may be a waste as the species is so light seeded that blown in seed from adjacent areas or regeneration from root sprouts is usually assured (Meadows & Stanturf 1997). The shelterwood system as well as the uneven-age system, single-tree selection, are usually not favored for final harvest if the goal is sweetgum regeneration as they favor more shade tolerant species such as elms and maples (Johnson & Krinard 1983).…”

Section: Iforest -Biogeosciences and Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sweetgum: a new look

Adams¹,

Lingbeck²,

Crandall³

et al. 2015

iForest

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Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) is the only species of its genus in the Western hemisphere. The species is a relatively early successional species with wide seed dispersal, fast growth and is considered one of the most adaptable tree species in North America, growing across a wide range of soil types, altitudes, and hydrologic conditions. This species has routinely been considered a lesser desired species by many forest managers trying to grow tree plantations or even in natural stands because the species tends to rapidly invade and dominate a site. However, because of sweetgum's adaptability, ease of propagation and field planting, and fast growth rate, the tending of sweetgum as a potential crop for improved markets has been reinvigorated. Managing sweetgum also opens the possibility of development of new products and markets that supplement the traditional markets and can produce further value-added products. Increasingly, sweetgum is not viewed with as much antipathy amongst foresters and its potential as valuable resources is being rediscovered.

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Silvicultural systems for southern bottomland hardwood forests

Cited by 74 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests

Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests

Herbivorous Insect Response to Group Selection Cutting in a Southeastern Bottomland Hardwood Forest

Sweetgum: a new look

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