Similar Adaptations to 10 Weeks Concurrent Training on Metabolic Markers and Physical Performance in Young, Adult, and Older Adult Women

Abstract

It has been proposed that the combination of high-intensity aerobic exercises and resistance training (RT) known as concurrent training (CT) could improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, and that the exercise mixture in CT could dampen muscle anaerobic pathways, a result known as the interference effect. However, there is scarce evidence on its effects in women across different ages. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of a 10-week CT intervention on MetS markers and endurance performance in adult women and compared age-related differences between young, adult, and older participants. A total of 112 women with >1 MetS risk factors were included in the study. Participants were allocated to different groups according to the following cutoff age ranges: 20–29years (y), n = 25; 30–39y, n = 35; 40–49y, n = 43; and 50–59y, n = 53. Participants performed 10 weeks of CT, including resistance training (RT), involving six major muscle groups, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in a cycle ergometer. Anthropometric, cardiovascular, metabolic, and performance outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. The CT induced significant improvements in waist circumference (WC) (20–29y: –2.5; 30–39y: –4.1; 40–49y: –4.2; 50–59y: –2.8 Δcm) and the distance achieved in the six-minute walking test (6Mwt) (20–29y: +47.6; 30–39y: +66.0; 40–49y: +43.0; 50–59y: +58.6 Δm) across all age groups, without significant differences between groups. In addition, a significant correlation was found between 6Mwt and WC, independent of age. In conclusion, our results showed that a 10-week CT intervention improved MetS risk factors in women, suggesting that the beneficial effects promoted by CT are independent of age and confirming CT as an effective, age-independent training regimen to improve metabolic health in women.

Effects of Konjac Glucomannan on indicators of metabolic syndrome in adults with schizophrenia

“…Although there were no statistically significant changes in blood pressure, the average reduction in systole blood pressure of almost 5 mmol/hg produced a significant improvement in blood pressure after this 4-week KGM programme (Warabi et al, 2004;Ginsberg et al, 2005). The mean change in blood pressure levels reported here (0.53) was similar to that reported in (Andrade et al, 2021) Decrease of ~0.9 to 2.0 mmHg, after 10 weeks of Concurrent Training on Metabolic Markers and Physical Performance. According to the World Health Organization, insulin-resistant blood pressure levels are integral to the definition and development of metabolic syndrome.…”

Metabolic Flexibility and Inflexibility: Pathology Underlying Metabolism Dysfunction

“…Both of these studies emphasize the importance of exercise for metabolic health across the lifespan, which is echoed in recent studies examining the role exercise has in metabolic-related chronic diseases [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. A recent review highlighted the importance of resistance training for improving outcomes in the early and late stages of frailty and sarcopenia [ 15 ].…”

“…Additionally, exercise training can promote metabolic responses, including improved fatty acid oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial content, which likely has corresponding benefits such as reducing insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic conditions. For example, in females across the lifespan (ages 20–60 years), a combination of aerobic and resistance training improved risk factors of metabolic syndrome, including waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid parameters [ 12 ]. Additionally, Methenitis et al examined differences in body composition, blood glucose, and lipid concentrations in sedentary compared to endurance-trained middle-aged adults consuming a high-fat diet [ 14 ].…”